Uitgebreide samenvatting Kennisbasis Inhoud - H1 t/m 10 van het boek Geowijzer van Alice Peters & Frans Westerveen voor de PABO (OJW examen of toelatingstoets), inclusief (externe) oefenvragen en antwoorden
Oriëntatie op jezelf en
de wereld – inleiding
[18598]
AARDRIJKSKUNDE
,Inhoudsopgave
Oriëntatie op jezelf en de wereld – inleiding............................................................................................................1
[18598]......................................................................................................................................................................1
AARDRIJKSKUNDE......................................................................................................................................................1
1. Kaart en Atlas......................................................................................................................................................11
1.2 Geografische zienswijze................................................................................................................................11
Natuurlijke of fysische factoren......................................................................................................................11
Menselijke factoren.........................................................................................................................................11
Multiperspectiviteit.........................................................................................................................................11
1.3 Schaal.............................................................................................................................................................12
Schaalniveaus..................................................................................................................................................12
Schaal op kaart...............................................................................................................................................12
1.4 Atlas...............................................................................................................................................................12
Soorten kaarten...............................................................................................................................................12
1.5 Plaatsbepaling op de aarde...........................................................................................................................12
Geografische breedte......................................................................................................................................12
Geografische lengte........................................................................................................................................13
Tijdzones..........................................................................................................................................................13
2. Weer en Klimaat..................................................................................................................................................13
2.1 Planeet aarde................................................................................................................................................13
Zonnestelsel....................................................................................................................................................13
Opbouw atmosfeer.........................................................................................................................................13
Weer................................................................................................................................................................13
Klimaat.............................................................................................................................................................14
Dag en nacht....................................................................................................................................................14
Seizoenen........................................................................................................................................................14
2.2 Temperatuurfactoren....................................................................................................................................14
1. Breedteligging.............................................................................................................................................14
2. Hoogteligging...............................................................................................................................................14
3. Gesteldheid van het aardoppervlak en land-zeeverdeling.........................................................................14
4. Zeestromen.................................................................................................................................................15
5. Ligging van gebergten.................................................................................................................................15
2.3 Neerslag........................................................................................................................................................15
Kringloop van het water..................................................................................................................................15
Neerslagvormen..............................................................................................................................................15
Neerslagtypen.................................................................................................................................................15
Wolken............................................................................................................................................................16
Moesson..........................................................................................................................................................16
2
, 2.4 Luchtbewegingen.........................................................................................................................................16
Wind................................................................................................................................................................16
Het grote windsysteem...................................................................................................................................16
Orkaan.............................................................................................................................................................17
Tornado...........................................................................................................................................................17
2.5 Plantengroei en klimaten.............................................................................................................................17
1. Tropisch regenwoudklimaat........................................................................................................................17
2. Savanneklimaat...........................................................................................................................................17
3. Steppeklimaat..............................................................................................................................................17
4. Woestijnklimaat..........................................................................................................................................17
5. Gematigd klimaat: Middellands Zeeklimaat...............................................................................................18
6. Gematigd klimaat: zeeklimaat.....................................................................................................................18
7. Landklimaat.................................................................................................................................................18
8. Poolklimaat..................................................................................................................................................18
2.6 Klimaatverandering......................................................................................................................................18
Krijt: warmste periode ooit.............................................................................................................................18
Quartair: ijstijden............................................................................................................................................18
Huidige klimaatverandering............................................................................................................................18
Vermindering albedo.......................................................................................................................................19
Curve van Milankovitch...................................................................................................................................19
Zonneactiviteit.................................................................................................................................................19
Vulkaanuitbarstingen......................................................................................................................................19
El Nino.............................................................................................................................................................19
Veranderingen in de Golfstroom....................................................................................................................19
Broeikaseffect en het versterkt broeikaseffect...............................................................................................19
Gat in de ozonlaag...........................................................................................................................................19
3. Landschappen in Nederland................................................................................................................................20
3.1 Zandlandschap...............................................................................................................................................20
Ontstaan zandlandschap.................................................................................................................................20
Bewoning zandlandschap................................................................................................................................20
Landinrichting..................................................................................................................................................20
3.2 Lösslandschap...............................................................................................................................................20
Ontstaan lösslandschap...................................................................................................................................20
Bewoning lösslandschap.................................................................................................................................20
Sint-Pietersberg...............................................................................................................................................21
3.3 Veenlandschap.............................................................................................................................................21
Ontstaan veenlandschap.................................................................................................................................21
Bewoning veenlandschap................................................................................................................................21
3
, Turf baggeren of steken..................................................................................................................................21
3.4 Zeekleilandschap..........................................................................................................................................21
Ontstaan zeekleilandschap.............................................................................................................................21
Bewoning zeekleilandschap............................................................................................................................21
Beemster.........................................................................................................................................................22
3.5 Duinlandschap..............................................................................................................................................22
Ontstaan duinlandschap.................................................................................................................................22
Bewoning duinlandschap................................................................................................................................22
Drinkwaterwinning..........................................................................................................................................22
3.6 Rivierkleilandschap........................................................................................................................................22
Ontstaan rivierkleilandschap...........................................................................................................................22
Bewoning rivierkleilandschap.........................................................................................................................22
Oefenopgaven.....................................................................................................................................................22
.................................................................................................................................................................................23
4. Nederland en het water......................................................................................................................................24
4.1 Hoog en laag land..........................................................................................................................................24
Neder-land.......................................................................................................................................................24
Wonen op hoogte...........................................................................................................................................24
Poldersysteem.................................................................................................................................................24
Soorten polders...............................................................................................................................................24
4.2 Zuiderzeewerken...........................................................................................................................................24
Zuiderzee.........................................................................................................................................................24
Watersnoodramp 1916...................................................................................................................................24
Afsluitdijk.........................................................................................................................................................24
Inpolderingen..................................................................................................................................................25
4.3 Deltawerken.................................................................................................................................................25
Watersnoodramp 1953...................................................................................................................................25
Deltaplan.........................................................................................................................................................25
Oosterscheldekering.......................................................................................................................................25
4.4 Ruimte voor de rivier....................................................................................................................................25
Deltaplan Grote Rivieren.................................................................................................................................25
Ruimte voor de rivier.......................................................................................................................................25
Deltaprogramma.............................................................................................................................................25
4.5 Kustverdediging............................................................................................................................................25
De kust.............................................................................................................................................................25
Getijde.............................................................................................................................................................25
Kustbeleid en dynamisch kustbeheer.............................................................................................................25
Zwakke schakels..............................................................................................................................................25
4
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