NSG-300 Vital Signs and Health Review Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
NSG 300
Institution
NSG 300
TPR - temperature, pulse, respirations - always in this order
Homeostasis a quick way to check this is by measuring vital signs
Vital signs temperature, pulse, respiratory rate, blood pressure, oxygen concentration, pain (6th)
Vital signs are used to: - monitor pts condition - identify problems ...
Vital signs are used to: ✅- monitor pts condition
- identify problems
- evaluate response to intervention
Body temp = ✅heat produced - heat loss
Acceptable ranges for temperature ✅healthy adult: 98.6 F - 100.4 F (36C - 38C)
Elderly adult: 95F - 97F (35-36.1C)
Why do elderly adults typically have lower body temperatures? ✅due to decreased
immunity because of age
Dec abilities of immune system mean defense mechanisms (such as heat/fever) are
also decreased
Common sites to measure temperature ✅oral
Rectal (most accurate)
Axillary
How is body temp regulated? ✅- hypothalamus: maintains a set point for temp, neural
+ vascular control
- body metabolism: heat production
Fever (pyrexia) ✅- occurs bc heat loss mechanisms are unable to keep pace w
excessive heat production, pyrogenes alter hypothalamic set point
- defense mechanism
- pulse and RR will usually increase along w fever
Febrile ✅having fever
Afebrile ✅not having fever
, FUO ✅fever of uknown origin
Is fever harmful? ✅- not if it stays below 102.2 F (39C) in adults or 104F (40C) in
children
- however, it does inc oxygen demand and can stress cardiac and respiratory systems
Hyperthermia ✅- elevated body temp due to body's inability to promote heat loss or
reduce heat production
- overload of the thermoregulatory mechanisms of the body
Heatstroke ✅body temp of 104F or more
Depresses hypothalamic function and occurs from prolonged exposure to sun or high
environmental temps
Heat exhaustion ✅occurs when profuse diaphoresis results in water and electrolyte
loss
Hypothermia ✅- occurs w exposure to the cold
- core body temp drops and body is unable to compensate
Pulse ✅is the indicator of circulatory status
Sites to measure pulse ✅temporal, carotid, apical, brachial, radial, ulnar, femoral,
popliteal, post tibial and dorsalis pedis
Why would you need to assess pulse in the feet? ✅- if pt had leg surgery and you
needed to check blood flow
- can't find it in arm
A weak pulse ✅any condition that slows or restricts the blood flow can cause
Ventilation ✅movement of gasses into and out of the lung
Diffusion ✅movement of oxygen and carbon monoxide bt alveoli and rbcs
Perfusion ✅distribution of rbcs to and from pulmonary capillaries
Respiratory rate = ✅breaths per minute
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