EPPP 03 Clinical Psychology Exam
Questions Correctly Answered.
_______ studies are based on clinical trials while _______ studies are correlational or quasi-
experimental in nature. - CORRECT ANSWER Efficacy; Effectiveness
This is the theory that the "whole" can be understood only in terms of the organization and interactions
of its components; it is the theoretical framework underlying family therapy. - CORRECT ANSWER
General Systems Theory
In general systems theory, _______ interact with the environment by receiving input and discharging
output, whereas _______ have no exchange with the environment and can lead a family to disorder and
disorganization. Families in therapy are usually the former. - CORRECT ANSWER Open systems;
closed systems
In general systems theory, this refers to the concept that every part of a system is interrelated, thus all
parts are affected by a change in the system. - CORRECT ANSWER Wholeness
This property of a family system, according to general systems theory, suggests the whole is greater
than the sum of its parts; hence, therapists view the family as a single unit rather than a collection of
individuals. - CORRECT ANSWER Non-summativity
In general systems theory, this refers to the idea that the same end-result occurs for the whole family,
regardless of where one enters the system. - CORRECT ANSWER Equifinality
A young girl who is molested by her father ends up becoming very sexually inhibited later in life. This is
an example of _______ according to general systems theory. - CORRECT ANSWER Equipotentiality
From a general systems theory perspective, this refers to the tendency for a system to revert back to old
ways amidst a change or disruption in the system. The system's management of negative and positive
feedback determines the degree to which it exists. - CORRECT ANSWER Homeostasis
,In general systems theory _____ refers to the maintenance of a family's homeostasis by attempting to
correct deviations in the status quo (e.g., dad yells at loud son and son quiets down), while _______
refers to the disruption of a family's homeostasis by encouraging or creating deviations to the status quo
(e.g., wife gets job and roles change for husband/children). - CORRECT ANSWER Negative feedback;
positive feedback
Interpersonal Therapy was initially developed as a treatment for depression, though it has since been
applied to other conditions. While it acknowledges early experience, biology, and personality, it focuses
on 1 of what 4 areas of interpersonal functioning? - CORRECT ANSWER Grief, interpersonal role
disputes, role transitions, and interpersonal deficits
This phenomenon occurs in clinical supervision when the therapist (supervisee) behaves toward the
supervisor in ways similar to how the client is behaving toward the therapist. - CORRECT ANSWER
Parallel process
What approach to family therapy focuses on the
role of communication and distinguishes between symmetrical and complimentary communication? -
CORRECT ANSWER Communication/Interaction
Family Therapy
From the perspective of Communication/Interaction Family Therapy,____ involves conflicting negative
injunctions, with one injunction often being expressed verbally and the other non-verbally (e.g., father
says "I love you" while spanking child). This usually results in a frustrating conflict in the person receiving
the message. - CORRECT ANSWER Double-bind communication
According to Communication/Interaction Family Therapy, _______ communication occurs between
equals but may escalate into a competition for control, whereas _______ communication occurs
between participants who are unequal and emphasizes their differences (e.g., parent-child or employee-
boss). - CORRECT ANSWER Symmetrical; Complimentary
What concept of Communication/Interaction Therapy suggests information is communication implicitly
via nonverbal messages, which is also referred to as command-level communication? - CORRECT
ANSWER Metacommunication (report-level communication refers to the intended verbal message)
,Who is the British psychologist known for research suggesting that any apparent benefit of therapy is
actually due to spontaneous recovery? - CORRECT ANSWER Eysenck performed outcome studies
showing that 72% of untreated neurotics improved without therapy, while 66% of clients in eclectic
therapy and 44% in psychoanalysis showed a substantial decrease in symptoms
Eysenck concluded, based on his research, that what single form of therapy is superior to placebo or no
treatment at all? - CORRECT ANSWER Behavior therapy
While the impact of duration of therapy (number of sessions) on client outcome is positive at first, it
typically lessens over time, though never becomes negative. Thus, it can be said that the relationship
between duration of therapy and treatment outcome is what? - CORRECT ANSWER Negatively
accelerated
An approach to the alleviation of mental disorders that is associated with both community mental
health and public health is referred to as what? - CORRECT ANSWER Prevention
_______ preventions make an intervention available to all members of a target group or population in
order to keep them from developing a disorder. - CORRECT ANSWER Primary
_______ preventions identify at-risk individuals and offer them appropriate treatment. - CORRECT
ANSWER Secondary
_______ preventions are designed to reduce the duration and consequences of an illness that has
already occurred. - CORRECT ANSWER Tertiary
Based on the research, who are the most frequent callers and, consequently, receive the most benefit
from suicide hotlines? - CORRECT ANSWER Young white females
Freudian psychoanalysis involves analyzing _______, _______, _______, and _______ and consists of a
combination of _______, _______, _______, and _______. - CORRECT ANSWER Free associations;
dreams; resistances; transferences; confrontation; clarification; interpretation; working through
Freud posited that when the ego is unable to ward off danger (anxiety) through rational, realistic means,
it resorts to one of its _______. - CORRECT ANSWER Defense mechanisms
, What 2 characteristics do all defense mechanisms share, according to Freud? - CORRECT ANSWER They
(1) operate on an unconscious level and (2) serve to distort reality
Name the following defense mechanisms: ______involves refusing to accept external reality because it's
too threatening; the gross reshaping of external reality to meet internal needs is called_______ ;
_______occurs when one attributes to others one's own unacceptable thoughts/emotions. - CORRECT
ANSWER Denial; distortion; projection
Name the following defense mechanisms: _______ refers to indirectly expressing aggression toward
others; _______ is the direct expression of an unconscious impulse without conscious
awareness;_______ is subconsciously viewing another person as more positive than they are. - CORRECT
ANSWER Passive aggression; acting out; idealization
Name the following defense mechanisms: _______ involves shifting sexual or aggressive impulses to a
more acceptable target; _______ is an extreme separation of emotion from ideas in order to distance
oneself from anxiety; and _______ refers to converting unconscious inappropriate impulses into their
opposites. - CORRECT ANSWER Displacement; intellectualization; reaction formation
Name the following defense mechanisms: _______ is the overt expression of ideas or feelings in such a
way to give others pleasure; _______ occurs when one identifies so deeply with some idea that it
becomes a part of that persons character; _______ refers to transferring/expressing negative emotions
or instincts in positive, more acceptable ways. - CORRECT ANSWER Humor; introjection; sublimation
Name the following defense mechanisms: _______ is the rejection of painful or shameful experiences
from consciousness and prevents unacceptable impulses/desires from reaching consciousness; _______
is the process of giving a socially acceptable reason to explain unacceptable thoughts or actions;
_______ occurs when a person becomes stuck in a successfully completed developmental stage and
returns to this stage in response to difficult life problems. - CORRECT ANSWER Repression;
rationalization; fixation
The id, a completely unorganized reservoir of energy that includes all instincts and reflexes that are
inherited at birth, operates according to what? - CORRECT ANSWER The pleasure principle
