Summary AQA geography last minute revision - Climate change
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Course
Geography
Institution
GCSE
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Quaternary geological period Topic 2: Climate Change Greenhouse Gases
The quaternary period is the last 2.6 million years.
Carbon Accounts for 60% of the enhanced greenhouse
During this period temperatures have always Enhanced Greenhouse Effect
dioxide gases. It is produced by burning fossil fuels through
fluctuated. The cold ‘spikes’ are the glacial periods,
Recently, there has been an increase in producing electricity, industry, cars and
whereas the warm points are the interglacial periods.
humans burning fossil fuels for energy. deforestation.
Today’s temperature is higher than the rest of the These fuels (gas, coal and oil) emit extra
Methane Accounts for 15% of the enhanced greenhouse
period. Despite alternate cold and warm moments greenhouse gases. This is making the
gases. 25x more efficient than Carbon dioxide.
within this period, global temperatures have Earth’s atmosphere thicker, therefore
Produce from landfills, rice and farm animals.
increased above average in the past 100 years. This trapping more solar radiation but causing
current trend is what's become know as global less to be reflected. As a result, our Earth is Halocarbons Human made and makes a tidy proportion of all
warming. becoming warmer. greenhouse gases. 15000x more efficient at
trapping radiation than Carbon dioxide. Produced
Evidence for climate change from air-conditioning, refrigerators and aerosols.
Earth’s temperature has changed over the last 2.6 million years. Scientist know this Nitrous Oxide Accounts for 6% of the enhanced greenhouse
by collecting a range of evidence that is trapped or stored in the environment around effect. 250x more efficient than Carbon dioxide.
us. Produced from fertilisers and car exhausts.
Geological fossil Plants and animals fossils/remains which favour certain
evidence environmental conditions have been found in contractionary Recent Evidence for climate change.
conditions, thus suggesting periods of a warmer and colder
In the past 100 years, scientists have become pretty good at collecting
time. E.g. Mastodon in USA.
accurate measurements from around the world. These measurements have
Ocean Sediment Layers of sediment that has built up over time have suggested a trend that the climate is yet again changing.
provided scientist trapped oxygen isotopes. Scientist have
Global Evidence collected by NASA suggests average global
used them to calculate and understand that atmospheric
temperature data temperatures have increased by more than 0.6°C since
temperature have indeed changed.
1950.
Ice Cores Ice cores are made up from different layers that each
Ice sheets and Evidence from maps and photos have shown many of the
represents a different historical time. By exploring the water
glaciers world’s glaciers and ice sheets are melting. E.g. the Arctic
molecules of these cores, scientist have calculated
sea ice has declined by 10% in 30 years.
fluctuating temperatures of the atmosphere.
Sea Level Evidence from the IPCC has shown that the average
Historical records Historical records from ancient cave paintings, diaries and
Change global sea level has risen by 10-20cms in the past 100
written observations have provide evidence of climate
years. This is due to the additional water from fresh water
change through personal accounts from the people through
ice and thermal expansion of the ocean due to higher
them.
temperatures.
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