Summary AQA geography last minute revision - Urbanisation
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Course
Geography
Institution
GCSE
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What is Urbanisation? Causes of Urbanisation
This is an increase in the amount of people living in urban The movement of people from rural to urban areas.
areas such as towns or cities. In 2007, the UN announced
Push Pull
that for the first time, more than 50 % of the world’s
population live in urban areas. • Natural disasters • More Jobs
• War and Conflict • Better education &
Settlement Hierarchies
• Mechanisation healthcare
If we group and classify a number of settlements according to • Drought • Increased quality of life.
their size and shape, the result is settlement hierarchy. • Following family members.
Key Characteristics of Settlement Hierarchy.
Consequences of Rapid Urbanisation in LIDCs
• The number of services that a settlement provides
increases with settlement size. Social Consequences
• Small settlements will only provide low-order services Although there are lots of • Little official housing
such as a post offices. opportunities in urban areas, available.
• Larger settlements and conurbations have a much larger the rapid growth can place • Infrastructure struggles to
sphere of influence than smaller ones. many pressures that causes support growing
• The range of a service or product is the maximum distance various problems. population.
people are prepared to travel to purchase it.
• Increase in crime rates.
Types of Cities Environmental Consequences Economic Consequences
Megacity An urban area which over 10 million • Rubbish may not be • May not be enough jobs –
people living there. collected. increased unemployment.
More that two thirds of current megacities are located in • Sewage and toxic waste • Informal sector increases
either EDCs and LIDCs). The amount of megacities are pollutes river environments. Little access to education
predicted to increase from 28 to 41 by 2030. • Increased congestion and healthcare.
produces more pollution.
Cities that are centres for trade and
World City
business. They hold global influence.
Key ‘world cities’ include London, New York, Tokyo and
Paris. Most are located within ACs but are now gradually
expanding into EDCs, for example Moscow.
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