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HMX Pharmacology Glossary Terms – Complete Guide
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HMX Pharmacology Glossary Terms – Complete Guide
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HMX Pharmacology Glossary Terms – Complete GuideAbsorption Right Ans - the uptake of a drug from its site of administration
into the bloodstream
Active transport Right Ans - the movement of a molecule against its
concentration gradient across a membrane, with a concomitant expenditure of
energy
Adverse drug effect Right Ans - a harmful or toxic effect produced by a
drug in a patient
Affinity Right Ans - a measure of strength of drug-receptor binding
Agonist Right Ans - an endogenous or exogenous ligand that binds to and
stimulates a receptor to produce a molecular response
Anabolic reaction Right Ans - a reaction involving synthesis of new
molecules, generally requiring energy
Analgesics Right Ans - drugs that relieve pain
Anaphylactic reaction Right Ans - a severe allergic reaction that can be life-
threatening
Antagonist Right Ans - an endogenous or exogenous molecule that binds to
and blocks a receptor to inhibit a molecular response
Antibody Right Ans - a glycoprotein that plays an important role in the
immune response by binding to and targeting specific antigens for removal
from body
Anticoagulants Right Ans - drugs that prevent or reduce blood clotting
Antiemetics Right Ans - a class of drugs that can be used in the treatment
or prevention of nausea and/or vomiting
,Antigen Right Ans - a substance, generally foreign to the body, that induces
an immune response
Area under the curve (AUC) Right Ans - when the concentration of drug in
the plasma is plotted over time on a graph, AUC is used as the measure of the
total exposure of the body to a drug
astrocytes Right Ans - specialized glial cells in the brain that contribute to
the integrity of the blood-brain barrier
basal activity Right Ans - the molecular response produced by a receptor in
the absence of a bound ligand, also referred to as constitutive activity
bile Right Ans - fluid produced by liver which aids digestion of fats in small
intestine and helps to remove toxins from body
binding curve Right Ans - a graph representing the percentage of receptor
occupancy, or the percentage of receptors bound by a drug, plotted against the
concentration of drug at the receptor
bioavailability Right Ans - the fraction of administered drug that reaches
the systemic circulation
bioavailable Right Ans - the amount of drug that is available in the systemic
circulation
biologics Right Ans - therapeutics that are large in size (biological
polymers), have complex structures, and are derived from natural sources
blood-brain barrier Right Ans - a protective membrane barrier between
the blood and the brain that consists of endothelial cells joined by tight
junctions and surrounded by astrocytes
bolus dose Right Ans - a single dose of a drug
bronchodilator Right Ans - a drug used in the treatment of asthma and
other lung disorders; it acts by relaxing bronchial muscle, resulting in
expansion of the bronchial air passages and increased airflow to the lungs
, C50 Right Ans - a concentration corresponding to half the maximal
concentration of drug in the bloodstream
carcinogen Right Ans - a drug or substance that can cause cancer
carcinogenesis Right Ans - a process by which normal cells in the body
become cancerous
catabolic reaction Right Ans - a reaction involving breakdown of molecules,
generally releasing energy
cell-based therapy Right Ans - a therapy that involves introducing live cells
into a patient; these cells can be obtained from the patient or another
individual, and may be modified genetically or developmentally before use
cellular protein Right Ans - a protein found within a cell or cell membrane
such as a receptor, an enzyme, an ion channel, or a transporter
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Right Ans - the clear liquid surrounding the brain
and the spinal cord
characterization (of a compound) Right Ans - the process of determining
the biological, chemical, toxic, and pharmacological properties of a compound
during drug development
chemical name Right Ans - a name for a drug that describes its molecular
structure
clearance Right Ans - the volume of plasma cleared of a drug in a unit of
time
clinical drug development Right Ans - studies done in a clinical setting that
involves testing drugs in humans
Cmax Right Ans - the maximum concentration of drug achieved in the
bloodstream
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