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RASMUSSEN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1
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RASMUSSEN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1
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RASMUSSEN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1Function of mitochondria - answer- ATP production/cellular respiration, powerhouse of
the cell
Rough ER - answer- That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.
Smooth ER - answer- That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of
ribosomes.
Homeostasis - answer- A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state;
the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a
particular level
Hypertrophy - answer- increase in muscle/tissue size, excessive development
Atrophy - answer- the wasting away of a body organ or tissue; any progressive decline
or failure; to waste away
Ischemia - answer- an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body,
especially the heart muscles.
S/S of Objective Data - answer- Any observations made by using your senses (pts.
Blood pressure, physical findings, and lab values)
S/S of Subjective Data - answer- Any symptoms pt. Complains of, what the pt. Feels
(pain)
Epinephrine - answer- Neurotransmitter secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to
stress. Also known as adrenaline.
Renin - answer- hormone secreted by the kidney; it raises blood pressure by influencing
vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels)
What causes edema? - answer- -reduced concentration of plasma proteins
-increased permeability of capillary wall
-increased venous pressure
-blockage of lymph vessels
Signs and symptoms of fluid excess - answer- edema, dysnpea (trouble breathing),
hyptertension (high bp), JVD, pulse increase and bounding, weight increase
Signs and symptoms of dehydration - answer- Dry mucous membranes, decreased skin
turgor, Low BP, Low pulse, fatigue, Increased HCT, decreased mental function,
confusion, and loss of consciousness
, S/S of hypocalcemia - answer- - muscle twitches/tetany
- hyperactive dtrs
- positive Chvostek's sign (tapping on the facial nerve triggering facial twitching)
- positive Trousseau's sign (hand/finger spasms with sustained blood pressure cuff
inflation)
- seizures
Osmosis - answer- Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Diffusion - answer- Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an
area of lower concentration.
Active transport - answer- Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell
membrane against a concentration difference
Effect of hypertonic solution - answer- cell shrinks and can die
Effect of a hypotonic solution - answer- cell swells and can burst
Active immunity - answer- A form of acquired immunity in which the body produces its
own antibodies against disease-causing antigens.
Ocular albinism - answer- Skin and eye colors are usually normal; however, an eye
exam will reveal no coloring of the retina in one or both irises
Contact dermatitis - answer- Acute inflammatory reaction triggered by direct exposure to
an irritant or allergen-producing substance
Urticaria - answer- Raised erythematous skin lesions (welts) Result of a type I
hypersensitivity reaction often triggered by food (hives) (anaphylaxis)
Psoriasis - answer- autoimmune skin disease, chronic inflammatory condition that
affects skin cell life cycle, specifically keratinocytes (use corticosteroid agents)
Cellulitis - answer- Inflammation, Usually results from a direct invasion of pathogens
through a break in the skin, especially those breaches where contamination is likely, or
spreads from an existing skin infection
Appears as a swollen, warm, tender area of erythema, fever
Rosacea - answer- Chronic skin disorder of the face with red inflamed areas appearing
mostly on the nose and cheeks
Furuncles - answer- large, tender, swollen areas caused by a staphylococcal infection
around hair follicles or sebaceous glands; boils (Most commonly occur on the face,
neck, axillae, groin, buttocks, and back)
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