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Immunology- HMX; Questions & Answers 100% Correct

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Immunology- HMX; Questions & Answers 100% Correct microbes Answer-virus, bacteria, protozoans, multicellular parasite commensal microorganisms Answer-a microorganism that habitually lives on or in the human body; one that normally causes no disease or harm and can be beneficial Circulating l...

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  • August 8, 2024
  • 32
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • HMX
  • HMX
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GOLDTUTORS
Immunology- HMX; Questions & Answers
100% Correct
microbes Answer-virus, bacteria, protozoans, multicellular parasite




commensal microorganisms Answer-a microorganism that habitually lives on or in the
human body; one that normally causes no disease or harm and can be beneficial




Circulating leukocytes Answer-neutrophils, monocytes




tissue-resident sentinel cells Answer-macrophages, mast cells, dendritic cells

-release pro-inflammatory cytokines

-all have innate receptors




Neutrophils Answer-have innate immune receptors, activation leads to internalization of
microbe and receptor; short life span, die by apoptosis; most abundant WBC




monocytes Answer-turn into macrophages in tissue that can eat dead cells and
neutrophils




dendritic cell Answer--antigen presenting cell

-secrete cytokines after microbe binds to innate receptor




mast cell Answer-degranulate and release inflammatory mediators like histmine

, Immunology- HMX; Questions & Answers
100% Correct
-important in allergy




Macrophages Answer-phagocytize foreign substances, secrete cytokines, eat neutrophils




leukocytes Answer-Known as white blood cells (WBCs), there are five kinds in two
groups: granulocytes & agranulocytes




Lymphocytes Answer-NK, T cells, b cells

-originate from common lymphoid progenitor




innate immunity characteristics Answer-react quickly, in same exact way for repeat
infection, present before infection

-cause inflammation

-limited number of microbes it can respond to




adaptive immunity characteristics Answer--specific

-systemic-travel continuously through body

-has memory

-late responders

-response due to recognition of a specific antigen

, Immunology- HMX; Questions & Answers
100% Correct
Process of innate inflammatory response Answer-1. mirobes enter tissue and sentinel
cells recognize and bind, release cytokines

2. cytokines bind to endothelium and increase expressing of adhesion molecules on lumen side

3. circulating leukocytes attach to adhesion molecules and are released into tissue

4. phagocytic cells kill

5. homeostasis restored




Neutrophil-Endothelium Interaction Answer--ICAM-1 on endo binds to LFA-1 on
neutrophil=stable arrest




-E-selection on endo binds to e-selectin ligand on neutrophil=lower affinity, rolling




adhesion molecules on endothelium Answer-ICAM-1 and E-selection




adhesion molecule ligands on leukocytes Answer-LFA-1 and e-selectin ligand




pus Answer--fluid

-live and dead neutrophils

-DNA from neutrophils

-bacteria

, Immunology- HMX; Questions & Answers
100% Correct
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) Answer-molecules that are common on
pathogens but not expressed in vertebrate cells




Bacteria common PAMPs Answer-flagellin

-Gram +: lipopolysaccharide

-gram -: peptidogylcans, teichoic acids




viral PAMPs Answer-ssRNA, dsRNA, dsDNA




Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) Answer-receptors on cell surface and in endosome
that bind PAMPs and activate immune response

-Toll-like receptors (TLRs) most common




PAMPs and PRRs Answer-Microbes contain and release PAMPs —> activate PRRs of
innate cells→ production of cytokines OR activate the antiviral state




endosomal TLRs Answer-specific for nucleic acids

-activate pathway to induce type 1 interferon secretion

-antiviral state!




Anti-viral state process Answer-1. viral molecules bind to endosomal TLR on pDCs

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