HESI PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM Latest
Update 2024-2025 Actual Exam 160 Questions
and 100% Verified Correct Answers Guaranteed
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a "clot-busting agent" used to reduce the effects of CVA in some individuals.
contraindicated for anticoagulant drugs - CORRECT ANSWER: tissue plasminogen
activator (tPA)
a complication that develops in a limb following treatment as edema increases during
the first 48 hours after the trauma and casting; if peripheral area becomes pale or cold
and numb or pulse decreases or is absent, it is likely that the cast has become too tight
and is compromising the circulation in the limb - CORRECT ANSWER: ischemia
a fracture complication that may occur as local pain and irritation cause strong muscle
contractions at the fracture site; pulls the bone fragments further out of position, causing
angulation, rotation of a bone, or overriding of the bone pieces - CORRECT ANSWER:
muscle spasm
a hereditary error of purine metabolism leads to the overproduction or retention or uric
acid - CORRECT ANSWER: primary gout
a nitrogen waste resulting from protein metabolism in the intestine or liver, is removed
from the blood and converted to urea, enabling it to be excreted by the kidneys.
correlates well with the signs of hepatic encephalopathy. an end product of protein
metabolism in the liver or intestine, and then is converted by liver cells into urea for
excretion by the kidneys. used to check kidney and liver functions. elevation of this can
result in hepatic encephalopathy secondary to liver cirrhosis - CORRECT ANSWER:
ammonia
a process of wound healing that occurs when there is minimal tissue damage, damaged
cells recover, and the tissues return to normal within a short period of time (ex: after a
mild sunburn) - CORRECT ANSWER: resolution
,a specific defense responding to particular substances, cells, toxins, or proteins, which
are perceived as foreign to the body and therefore unwanted or potentially dangerous -
CORRECT ANSWER: immune response
account for 2-4% of all WBCs; one of their primary functions is to engulf-anitbody
complexes formed during an allergic response. increase in this usually indicates an
allergic response - CORRECT ANSWER: eosinophils
administered to newborns to prevent hemorrhagic disorders. the sterile gut of a
newborn lacks intestinal bacteria necessary for the synthesis of this vitamin. required for
the production of clotting factors such as prothrombin and fibrinogen - CORRECT
ANSWER: vitamin K
an increase in the muscle mass and cardiac wall thickness in response to overwork and
strain; occurs slowly because it takes time for increased muscle tissues to develop;
generally follows persistent or chronic dilation and thus further increases the contractile
power of the muscle fibers. will lead to an increase in CO and maintenance of tissue
perfusion - CORRECT ANSWER: hypertrophy
an increase in WBCs in the circulation often associated with inflammation or infection -
CORRECT ANSWER: leukocytosis
angioedema with painful swelling; bronchial constriction - CORRECT ANSWER: kinins
another name for alcoholic liver disease that generally tends to progress in stages, and
each stage is usually more dangerous than the last; can potentially kill a person if not
treated appropriately and quickly. symptoms are varied, but the best-known symptom is
probably jaundice; other symptoms include blackened stool, weakness, fatigue, and
dryness of the mouth and throat - CORRECT ANSWER: Laennec's cirrhosis
antistreptococcal antibodies create an antigen-antibody complex that lodges in the
glomerular capillaries, activates the compliment system to cause an inflammatory
response in the glomeruli of both kidneys - CORRECT ANSWER: glomerulonephritis
, are a risk when fatty marrow escapes from the bone marrow into a vein within the first
week after injury. More common in patients with fractures of the pelvis of long bones
such as the femur, particularly when the fracture site has not been well immobilized
during transportation immediately after the injury - CORRECT ANSWER: fat emboli
as WBCs and platelets decrease this is likely - CORRECT ANSWER: infection
asymptomatic disease with mild discomfort, diarrhea, or constipation and flatulence
which can be excused for other reasons. during acute episodes, food intake should be
reduced along with antimicrobial drugs taken as needed; treated by increasing the bulk
in the diet, omitting foods such as seeds or popcorn, and encouraging regular bowel
movements without constipation - CORRECT ANSWER: diverticulosis
auto digestion follows premature activation of the pancreatic proenzymes within the
pancreas itself- appears that activation of the proenzyme trypsinogen into trypsin is the
trigger and in turn trypsin converts other proenzymes and chemicals into active forms -
CORRECT ANSWER: acute pancreatitis
bronchi and bronchioles respond to the stimuli with three changes, inflammation of the
mucosa with edema, contraction of smooth muscle, and increased secretion of thick
mucus in the passages - CORRECT ANSWER: asthma
bronchial constriction; enhanced effect of histamine on smooth muscle - CORRECT
ANSWER: leukotrienes
can lead to ventricular hypertrophy; - CORRECT ANSWER: afterload, hypertension
cancer common in adults - CORRECT ANSWER: acute myelogenous leukemia
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