-: stomach stretch*^, weight gain, leptin, gastric sleeve--*occurs less in pts w/ obesity, ^inhibited fastest
by CHO, but also rebounds fastes, protein - the longest
-fx: + NPY/AgRP in CNS (arcuate nucleus in hypthalamus) +/- activation of nucleus tractus solitarius
through vagal nerve (vagotomy - ghrelin); + gut motility, - insulin secretion
Ghrelin and weight loss - correct answer -ghrelin levels increase as you lose
weight
-weight regain-->reduced ghrelin levels
-obesity-->reduced decrease in ghrelin post-prandial meals
Small Intestine Hormones - correct answer -short acting, reduce appetite
-goal: cause meal termination
-CCK (cholecystokinin)
-GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide 1_
-OXM (oxytomodulin)
-PYY (peptide YY)
CCK (Cholecystokinin) - correct answer -released from sm. intestinal I-cells
(duodenum and jejunum)
+: fat/protein ingestion, gastric distension
-short acting (15-30 min)
,-act on rec's in gut and brain:
-CCK-1 rec=GI=slow gastric emptying and + gallbladder contraction
-CCK-2 rec = brain = reduce appetite
-poor pharm studies b/c too short acting and develop tolerance
GLP-1 - correct answer -from L-cells of distal sm. int and colon
Liver: +gluconeogenesis (glycogen-->glucose, aa's-->glucose) to keep steady blood sugar through meals
Amylin - correct answer -co-secreted w/ insulin by pancreatic B-cells in
response to meals
-fx's: regulates glucose and bodyweight (1. reduces food intake, 2. slows gastric emptying 3) suppresses
glucagon production/hepatic gluconeogenesis) ~GLP-1 but with less glucose reduction
-makes insulin more effective for glucose lowering
-pharm: pramlintide=amylin analog to reduce insulin need
Pramlintide - correct answer -brand name: Symlin
-amylin analog
-FDA approved for T1DM & T2DM
-administered before meals to reduce insulin req's
-a1c reduction: 0.3-0.6%
-weight loss: 3-4# in 6 mo's (more effective when combined with phentermine--11% TBW loss)
White adipose tissue - correct answer -provides insulation
-helps with mechanical support
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller RealGrades. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $16.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
