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Samenvatting Multivariate analyse - Statistiek II
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InhoudVan probleem naar analyse....................................................................................................................4
Meten en meetniveaus...........................................................................................................................5
Wat is meten?.....................................................................................................................................5
Eigenschappen van variabelen of meetschalen..................................................................................5
Dummy variabelen..............................................................................................................................5
Effectcodering.....................................................................................................................................5
Frequentieverdelingen & grafische voorstellingen.................................................................................6
Nominale variabele.............................................................................................................................6
Ordinale variabelen............................................................................................................................6
Interval- en ratiovariabelen................................................................................................................8
Univariate statistische parameters.........................................................................................................9
Parameters van ligging.......................................................................................................................9
Parameters van spreiding.................................................................................................................11
Parameters van vorm/ symmetrie....................................................................................................14
Parameters voor afplatting...............................................................................................................15
Inductieve statistiek..............................................................................................................................16
Centrale limietstelling.......................................................................................................................16
Toepassing centrale limietstelling.....................................................................................................16
Samenhang & statistische controle.......................................................................................................17
Samenhang tussen nominale en/ of ordinale variabelen..................................................................17
Samenhang interval en/ of ratiovariabelen......................................................................................20
Bivariate regressie................................................................................................................................22
Model...............................................................................................................................................22
Doelstellingen...................................................................................................................................23
Schatting regressieparameters.........................................................................................................23
Sterkte van het verband en verklaarde variantie..............................................................................25
Regressie met gestandaardiseerde variabele...................................................................................27
Significantietesten............................................................................................................................27
Meervoudige regressie.........................................................................................................................29
Model...............................................................................................................................................29
Schatting van regressieparameters...................................................................................................29
Interpretatie regressieparameters....................................................................................................31
sterkte van het verband en verklaarde variantie..............................................................................31
Meervoudige regressie met gestandaardiseerde variabelen............................................................32
1
, Significantietesten............................................................................................................................32
** modelvergelijking en F-test voor partiële regressiecoëfficiënten.................................................33
Regressiediagnostiek........................................................................................................................33
Regressie met dummyvariabelen & variantieanalyse...........................................................................37
Model...............................................................................................................................................37
Schatting van Regressieparameters..................................................................................................37
Meervoudige regressie met dummyvariabelen................................................................................38
Variantieanalyse...............................................................................................................................42
T-test voor verschillen tussen gemiddelden......................................................................................42
One-way analysis of variance............................................................................................................42
N-way analysis of (co)variance..........................................................................................................44
Logistische regressie.............................................................................................................................45
Regressie met dummyvariabelen......................................................................................................45
Linear Probability model...................................................................................................................45
Logistische regressie.........................................................................................................................45
Model...............................................................................................................................................45
Maximum Likelihood schatting *......................................................................................................46
Model Chi-square.............................................................................................................................47
Niet geneste modellen vergelijken...................................................................................................47
Pseudo R2..........................................................................................................................................48
Classification table............................................................................................................................48
Wald-statistic....................................................................................................................................48
Alternatieve codeerschema’s............................................................................................................48
Additiviteitsassumpties.....................................................................................................................49
Lineariteitsassumptie........................................................................................................................49
Hosmer-Lemeshow test....................................................................................................................49
Multinominal Logistic Regression.....................................................................................................49
Modelspecificatie in regressieanalyse..................................................................................................50
Causale diagrammen........................................................................................................................50
Padanalyse voor interval- en ratiovariabelen *.................................................................................50
Analyse van probleemrelaties dmv modelvergelijking......................................................................51
Schaalconstructie, PCA en PFA..............................................................................................................52
Principes van schaalconstructie........................................................................................................52
Somschalen.......................................................................................................................................52
Berekenen van somschalen..............................................................................................................53
Principale componenten analyse (PCA)............................................................................................53
2
,Eigenwaarden en eigenvectoren.......................................................................................................54
Berekening van PCA..........................................................................................................................54
Aantal weerhouden componenten...................................................................................................54
Rotatie van componenten................................................................................................................55
Principale factoranalyse (PFA)...........................................................................................................55
3
, Van probleem naar analyse
Multivariate analyse techniek = samenhang tussen 3 of meer variabelen
Sterk heterogeen qua opzet en finaliteit
o Probleemkenmerk of probleemrelatie
o Depentent vs niet-dependent
o Meetniveau afhankelijke of onafhankelijke variabele
o Dimensies
o Orthogonaliteit
Schijnbare causaliteit = er is een andere variabele die de relatie beïnvloed
o Analyse van kruistabellen en elaboratie
Indirecte causaliteit = de verklarende variabele kan de responsvariabele enkel beïnvloeden via
een tussenliggende of intermediaire variabele
o Analyse van kruistabellen en elaboratie
o Padanalyse & meervoudige regressie
Supressie = er is een variabele die geen correlatie heeft met de afhankelijke variabele maar wel
met de onafhankelijke variabele ( 2 tegengestelde effecten heffen elkaar op)
o Analyse van kruistabellen en elaboratie
Interactie = de relatie tussen variabelen zijn geen optelsom van hun individuele effecten maar
het effect is afhankelijk van de specifieke waarde van de andere variabele
o Analyse van kruistabellen en elaboratie
Convergente structuur = meerdere factoren werken samen om een bepaalde uitkomst te
produceren
o Meervoudige regressie = onderzoekt relatie tussen een afhankelijke variabele met
meerdere onafhankelijke variabeken
o Meervoudige regressie met dummy- variabelen
o Variantieanalyse & meervoudige classificatie analyse
o Logistische regressieanalyse
o Multinominal logit modellen
Latente structuur = niet direct observeerbaar/ onzichtbaar patroon ( verborgen variabelen)
o Principale componenten analyse & factoranalyse
4
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