Bio 669 Endocrine Questions And Answers With Verified
Solutions 100% Correct Answers Latest Update
2024/2025.
Cushing's disease is characterized by physical abn. that happen when the adrenal gland secretes too
much: - ANSWER glucocorticoid or androgens
often cortisol or from taking too much when it is prescribed
pts with hypothyroidism will also have high: - ANSWER lipid levels due to the effects on the
metabolism
thyroid is regulated by TSH(produced in the pituitary gland) and TSH= T3 and T4. T3 and T4 are
responsible for metabolism of carbs, fat, and protein
diabetes mellitus is a disorder of the metabolism of: - ANSWER carbs, fat, and proteins
risk factors that may predispose someone to graves disease are: - ANSWER female, smoking,
and viral infections, stress= immune supression, pregnancy
disease caused by hyperfnx of the thyroid gland is - ANSWER hyperthyroidism due to high T3
and T4
an acute metabolic complication that occurs in pts with diabetes - ANSWER ketoacidosis
In pts with diabetes insipidus, reabsorption of water by the renal tubular collecting ducts can lead to -
ANSWER increased serum sodium and depletion of water
hemodilution or hypervolemia= decreased ADH= kidneys become less permeable to water and
diuresis occurs= high serum osmolality and high urine output
adrenals glands are responsible for the production of - ANSWER epi
Remember: adrenal gland produces steroidal hormones (aldosterone and cortisol: adrenal androgens
and estrogens) and catecholamines (epi and nor epi)
causes of type 2 diabetes - ANSWER 1)prolonged physical or emotional stress= increased
cortisol, epi, glucago, and ghrelin) which increase blood glucose levels and demand from the pancreas
2)pregnancy: increase weight gain, high estrogen and placental hormones
, 3)use of hormonal contraceptives
autoimmune diseases are NOT
where are ADH and oxytocin produced - ANSWER hypothalamus (which is stored in the
posterior pituitary gland)
what do oxytocin and ADH do? - ANSWER oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions during
labor and milk secretion in lactating women
ADH= retention of water
what comorbid disease can graves pts experience? - ANSWER lupus erythematosus
remember: caused by hyperthyroidism= TSH receptor antibodies
aka the thyroid attacks itself
major symptom of thyrotoxicosis? - ANSWER cardiac arrythmia most likely tachycardia=
hypertension, high output cardiac failure, propensity to dev. cardiac arrythmias
all due to high metabolic demand
what complications are associated with type 1 and 2 diabetes that are microvascular complications? -
ANSWER nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy (most common)
macro: PAD/CAD/stroke
ADH will be released from the pituitary gland due to: - ANSWER low circulatory volume and
high serum osmolality
ADH is synthesized by the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary gland.
simple nontoxic goiter most likely caused by - ANSWER lack of iodine in the diet which
suppresses T4 production
what macrovascular disease is the leading cause of death for pts with diabetes? - ANSWER
cardiovascular disease
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