NPS Exam Review
1. Ventilation - inhale O2, exhale CO2
2. Oxygenation - getting O2 into the blood
3. Circulation - heart beating to move blood around to get O2 to all parts of body
4. Perfusion - blood pressure; pressures to perfuse tissue to deliver oxygen to body cells -
ANS-What are the four critical life functions listed in order of priority?
Check the chart - ANS-What is the first step in patient assessment?
History and Physical Exam and check radiographs - ANS-What would be the next steps in
patient assessment?
Ventilation - ANS-Which of the four critical life functions are the first priority?
When one or more of the life functions are being threatened. - ANS-What is the definition of an
emergency?
RR, breath sounds, tidal volume, chest movement; vital signs - ANS-What assessments would
measure how well a patient is ventilating?
HEART RATE! This is the first thing to change if you're not oxygenating. Color, sensorium -
ANS-How would you know that a patient is having a problem with oxygenation?
what kind of pulse, capillary refill, cardiac output - ANS-How will you know if a patient is
circulating?
blood pressure - ANS-What is the main parameter to know if someone is perfusing?
temperature, sensorium, urine output - ANS-What other ways can perfusion be measured?
oxygenation - ANS-What is the most common life function problem?
oxygen - ANS-What is the first drug given to everybody?
everything - ANS-What items should be reviewed in a patient's chart before giving respiratory
therapy treatments?
Fetus = Before birth
Neonate = 0-1 month
Infant = 1 month to 1 year
Child = 1 year to puberty
,Adolescent = puberty to adult - ANS-What is the age of a fetus neonate, infant, child,
adolescent?
sodium, chloride, potassium - ANS-What are the most important electrolytes and what is their
function?
Sodium = 133-149 mEq/L
Chloride = 87-114 mEq/L
Potassium = 5.3-6.4 mEq/L - ANS-What is the normal neonatal electrolyte value for sodium,
chloride, and potassium?
2 mL/kg per hour - ANS-What is the normal urine output level for an infant?
RBC = 4.1-5.7 mm3 WBC = 6,800-14,300 mm3 (neonates may have a higher normal WBC)
Hematocrit = 37.4-56.1%
Hemoglobin = 12.7-18.6
g/dL
low on RBC = low on hemoglobin = oxygenation affected
RBC x 3 = hemoglobin
Hemoglobin x 3 = hematocrit (know this) - ANS-What values are included in the CBC and what
are the normal values?
Hemoglobin A - ANS-What is the normal type of hemoglobin?
incomapatabilty; RH Factor; give Rogham - ANS-What is a Coomb's test?
peaks during pregnancy, after delivery rises after few days and then falls; if baby jaundice =
bilirubin problem - ANS-What does bilirubin help to evaluate?
4-5 mg/dL at birth - ANS-What is the normal value for bilirubin for a full term infant at birth?
phototherapy - ANS-How is hyper bilirubin treated?
55-115 mg/dL - ANS-What is the normal glucose level for a term infant?
infection or sepsis - ANS-What is the most common cause of hyperglycemia in the newborn?
happens when mom is diabetic; prematurity, hypothermia, shock, sepsis - ANS-What are 3
causes of hypoglycemia in the newborn?
amniocentesis; very invasive - ANS-What procedure is required to obtain fluid for L/S ratio
measurement?
,Anything less than
2:1 = not mature lungs = increased risk for RDS - ANS-What is the significance of an L/S Ratio
of 1:1?
15 minutes - ANS-How long does it take to get the results of the Shake Test?
presence of mature surfactant - ANS-What is the significance of the presence of bubbles in the
Shake Test Fluid?
lung maturity levels
PG is best and most reliable indicator of lung maturity - ANS-What information is obtained from
evaluation of PG and PC levels?
current age - less than 16 or older than 40; prenatal care; smoking; caffeine; fetal alcohol
syndrome; nutrition; diabetes; how many previous live births - ANS-What factors in the maternal
history would indicate a high risk pregnancy?
Big babies; they look full term, but they aren't - ANS-What size of babies will diabetic mothers
deliver?
Can pass right on to baby during delivery. Baby will be in distress. - ANS-What is the
significance of a Group B Strep Infection in the mother?
Number of pregnancies resulting in live birth - ANS-Define Para.
Number of pregnancies - ANS-Define Gravida.
Pre-eclampsia = high blood pressure; pregnancy induced hypertension; protein in urine
Full Eclampsia = high blood pressure resulting in seizures or coma
Occurs when mother has hypertension; mag sulfate is used to lower blood pressure, rest, diet,
salt restrictions - ANS-What is the difference between pre-eclampsia and eclampsia and when
does this occur?
If mom is high risk, General Anesthesia can cause fetal depression - ANS-Why are C-sections
done and why is the infant at greater risk with this type of delivery?
Pitocin or oxytocin; used when mother has hypertension - ANS-What drugs are used to induce
labor and when we would induce labor?
Inhibits contractions
, mag sulfate = anti-convulsant
tributaline = beta sympathomimemtic - relaxes smooth muscle - ANS-What is the action of a
tocolytic agent and what are the 2 most commonly used?
Normal
Breech
Assisted Delivery
C-Section - ANS-Describe the 4 different types of fetal presentations
Early or Normal
Late - HR decreases after contraction
Variable - no correlation between HR and contractions - ANS-Describe the 3 types of
decelerations that can occur during fetal heart rate monitoring.
any vaginal bleeding after first trimester - ANS-What is maternal bleeding?
Rupture of amniotic sack prior to 37 weeks gestation; infections - ANS-What is PROM and what
is it's affect on the neonate?
Placenta previa - low implantation of placenta - ANS-What are placental problems and what are
the effects on the neonate?
to stimulate surfactant production - ANS-Why would corticosteroids be administered to the
mother before birth?
Suction the airway - ANS-What is the most important thing to do if an infant is born with
meconium staining?
7 physical and 6 neurologal findings; higher the score the higher the gestation - ANS-Describe
Dubowitz Method.
Modified Dubowitz method; used for less than 28 weeks gestation and low birth weight of 1500
grams or less - ANS-Describe New Ballard Score.
Done at 1 minute and again at 5 minutes, and sometimes again at 10 minutes
Appearance
Pulse
Grimace
Activity
Respirations
Each category scored from 0-2 points - ANS-What 5 factors are evaluated in the Apgar Score?
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller topgradesdr. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
