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NR228 Week 4 :Questions And Accurate Answers
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NR228 Week 4 :Questions And Accurate AnswersWhat Are Vitamins? Right Ans - -nutrients; essential noncaloric, organic
molecules needed in the diet
-referred to as micronutrients, since only small amounts are needed in the
body to perform specific metabolic functions
-act as helpers to get chemical processes done
-act as precursors and turn vitamins into active chemicals
What two categories are vitamins divided into? Right Ans - fat soluble and
water soluble
Fat-soluble vitamins Right Ans - -stored in fat cells, in the liver and near the
liver, for 3 to 6 weeks
-dependent upon dietary fat for absorption
-not excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins
-do not need to be eaten as often as water-soluble vitamins
Fat-soluble vitamins include: Right Ans - Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Vitamin K
How are water-soluble vitamins different than fat-soluble vitamins? Right
Ans - water-soluble vitamins:
-less likely to build up in the body, even in large amounts
-excess will exit the body when you urinate
-Toxicity is less likely
fat-soluble vitamins:
-stored in fatty tissue and in the liver
-excess is more likely
Vitamin A Right Ans - -helps with the growth of teeth and bone
-boosts the immune system
-keeps skin cells healthy
-helps the rods and cones in the eyes stay healthy
-helps with night vision
,-may help decrease the probability of skin cancer and any cancer with the
epithelial cells
Top 10 Vitamin A Foods Right Ans - Carrots
Kale
Pumpkin
Liver
Prunes
Cantaloupe
Grapefruit
Cheese
Broccoli
Eggs
Vitamin A Deficiency causes: Right Ans - -night blindness (first indication
of deficiency)
-xerophthalmia (dry, thickened condition of the conjunctiva)
-keratomalacia (deterioration of the cornea)
-blindness (severe deficiency)
-Insomnia
-Acne
-Dry Hair
-Hyperkeratosis
-Fatigue
-Weight Loss
-Immune Impairment
-Growth Impairment
Vitamin A excess causes: Right Ans - -weakness
-anorexia
-vomiting
-enlarged spleen and liver
Vitamin D Right Ans - - can be made by the body, help of the sun
-supports strong bones, growth, and development
-regulates calcium and phosphorus
-assists with bone mineralization
-Children under 5 should take a vitamin D supplement
-can help: Immune impairment, Joint pain, Mood swings, Muscle weakness
,Vitamin D Foods Right Ans - -Salmon & other oily fish
-liver & eggs
-Salmon
-Mackerel
-Eggs
-Sardines
-Caviar
Vitamin D Deficiency causes: Right Ans - Deficiency causes:
-rickets in children
-osteomalacia in adults
-Vitamin D toxicity manifests as hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria.
Vitamin E Right Ans - Physiological actions:
-protects cell walls
-supplement use is contraindicated with anticoagulation drugs (risk for
bleeding).
-plant-based vegetable oils
-whole grains
-seeds
-nuts
-green, leafy vegetables
Vitamin E Deficiency Signs and Symptoms Right Ans - Anemia
Hair loss
Muscle weakness
Leg cramps
Cancer
Blindness
Dry skin
Fertility problems
Immune impairment
Vitamin K Right Ans - -involved with blood clotting and keeps the
thrombocytes (platelets) healthy
-required for synthesis of prothrombin and other clotting factors (VII, IX, and
X)
-formation of protein
, -produced in the intestinal tract by bacteria
-warfarin overdose (reversal agent used)
-Improves brain function
-Protects against cancer
-Supports heart health
-Reduces menstrual flow
-Responsible for building bones
Best Sources of Vitamin K Right Ans - Cucumber
Asparagus
Prunes
Broccoli
Lettuce
Brussels sprouts
Green onion
Kale
Vitamin K Deficiency causes: Right Ans - -Bleeding: Newborns receive
some vitamin K from the mother at birth and they also receive a vitamin K
injection after delivery
-Newborns are born with a sterile gut and cannot produce vitamin K on their
own
Fat Soluble Vitamins: Infants Right Ans - -unable to immediately produce
vitamin K as they do not have any intestinal flora "good gut bacteria" which
helps produce vitamin K
-they receive an injection after birth
Fat Soluble Vitamins: Children & Adults Right Ans - -deficiency of vitamin D
can lead to the disorders rickets (children) and osteomalacia (adults)
-risk of rickets has increased among breastfed, dark-skinned infants and
toddlers of African and Asian descent, especially in northern areas such as
Canada and Alaska
Fat Soluble Vitamins: Older Adults Right Ans - -their skin is less effective in
synthesizing it during sun exposure to meet their nutritional needs
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