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Samenvatting Kompas; licht verstandelijke beperking; definitie, aspecten en ondersteuning
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Samenvatting van het boek Kompas: LVB. Alle 15 hoofdstukken samengevat.
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Kompas: licht verstandelijke beperkingInhoud
Kompas: licht verstandelijke beperking...................................................................................1
Hoofdstuk 1: Definitie.............................................................................................................. 5
1.1 Definitie volgens DSM-V................................................................................................5
1.2 Intellectuele functies DSM-V..........................................................................................5
1.2.1 IQ (intelligentiequotiënt)..........................................................................................5
1.2.2 Normaalverdeling van het IQ...................................................................................6
1.3 Adaptieve functies in DSM-V.........................................................................................6
1.4 Praktijkdefinitie............................................................................................................... 6
1.5 Diagnosticeren............................................................................................................... 6
1.6 Cijfers............................................................................................................................ 6
Hoofdstuk 2: Kenmerken.........................................................................................................7
2.1 Leren en denken............................................................................................................ 7
2.2 Werkgeheugen.............................................................................................................. 7
2.3 Sociale informatieverwerking.........................................................................................7
2.4 Generaliseren................................................................................................................ 7
2.5 Taal............................................................................................................................... 8
2.6 Sociale vaardigheden....................................................................................................8
2.7 Weerbaarheid................................................................................................................ 8
2.8 Empathie....................................................................................................................... 8
2.9 Emoties.......................................................................................................................... 8
2.10 Geweten...................................................................................................................... 9
2.11 Impulscontrole............................................................................................................. 9
2.12 Zelfsturing.................................................................................................................... 9
2.13 Autonomie................................................................................................................... 9
2.14 Seksualiteit.................................................................................................................. 9
2.15 De kenmerken op een rij............................................................................................10
Hoofdstuk 3 Oorzaken........................................................................................................... 11
3.1 Biologische oorzaken...................................................................................................11
3.2 Sociale omstandigheden..............................................................................................11
Hoofdstuk 4 Ontwikkelingstaken in relatie tot een LVB.........................................................12
4.1 Basisschoolleeftijd.......................................................................................................13
4.2 Adolescentie................................................................................................................ 14
,Hoofdstuk 5 Opvoeding.........................................................................................................16
5.1 Opvoeding van een kind met LVB................................................................................16
5.2 Opvoedtaken bij een kind in de basisschoolleeftijd......................................................16
5.3 Opvoedtaken bij een adolescent..................................................................................17
5.3.1 LVB, 18 jaar en dan?.............................................................................................17
Hoofdstuk 6 Ouderschap van mensen met LVB....................................................................18
6.1 Opvoedvaardigheden..................................................................................................18
6.2 Beschermende factoren en risicofactoren....................................................................18
6.3 Balansmodel................................................................................................................ 19
6.4 Ondersteunen van ouders met LVB bij het opvoeden: onderzoek wat werkt?.............21
6.4.1 Vragen en accepteren van ondersteuning.............................................................21
6.4.2 Effectieve opvoedondersteuning...........................................................................21
6.4.3 Steunend netwerk.................................................................................................21
Hoofdstuk 7: Stoornissen en LVB..........................................................................................21
7.1 Risicofactoren.............................................................................................................. 21
7.2 Afbakening van gedragsproblemen en psychiatrische stoornissen..............................22
7.3 Dubbele diagnose........................................................................................................22
7.4 Autismespectrumstoornis.............................................................................................23
7.5 Aandacht deficiëntie-/hyperactiviteitstoornis................................................................24
7.6 Gedragsstoornissen.....................................................................................................24
7.6.1 Oppostionele-opstandige stoornis.........................................................................24
7.6.2 Norm overschrijdend-gedragsstoornis...................................................................25
7.6.3 Antisociale persoonlijkheidsstoornis......................................................................25
7.7 Overige stoornissen.....................................................................................................26
7.8 Crimineel gedrag.........................................................................................................26
7.8.1 Radicalisering........................................................................................................28
7.9 Verslavingsproblematiek..............................................................................................29
7.9.1 Verslavingsproblematiek en LVB...........................................................................29
7.9.2 Verslavingsproblematiek en crimineel gedrag.......................................................29
Hoofdstuk 8 Andere problematiek.........................................................................................29
8.1 Hechtingsproblematiek................................................................................................29
8.2 Verwaarlozing, mishandeling en seksueel misbruik.....................................................31
8.2.1 Verwaarlozing en mishandeling.............................................................................31
8.2.2 Seksueel misbruik.................................................................................................31
8.3 Gezinnen met geringe sociale redzaamheid/multiprobleem gezinnen.........................34
8.4 Armoede...................................................................................................................... 35
, 8.5 Problematische echtscheiding.....................................................................................35
Hoofdstuk 9 Diagnostiek en behandeling van gedragsproblemen en psychiatrische
stoornissen............................................................................................................................ 35
9.1 Diagnostiek..................................................................................................................35
9.1.1 Diagnostiek bij mensen met LVB..............................................................................35
9.2 Behandeling.................................................................................................................36
9.3 Criminaliteit: behandelen of straffen.............................................................................36
9.3.1 Kwetsbare daders en stoppen met crimineel gedrag.............................................37
Hoofdstuk 10 Communicatie.................................................................................................37
10.1 Wat is communicatie?................................................................................................37
10.2 De functie van communicatie.....................................................................................37
10.3 Inhouds- en betrekkingsniveau..................................................................................38
10.4 Wat werkt bij mensen met LVB?................................................................................38
10.4.1 TOPIO model......................................................................................................38
10.4.2 Communicatie in de hulpverlening......................................................................39
10.5 Wat werkt?.................................................................................................................41
10.6 LVB en sociale media................................................................................................41
Hoofdstuk 11 Ondersteuning vanuit het netwerk...................................................................42
11.1 Inleiding..................................................................................................................... 42
11.2 Ondersteuning: een noodzaak...................................................................................42
11.3 Levenslang en levensbreed.......................................................................................42
11.4 Sociaal netwerk.........................................................................................................42
11.5 Volwaardig burgerschap en inclusie..........................................................................43
Hoofdstuk 12 Onderwijs........................................................................................................43
12.1 Inleiding..................................................................................................................... 43
12.2 Passende onderwijs...................................................................................................43
12.2.1 Samenwerkingsverbanden..................................................................................44
12.3 Speciaal onderwijs.....................................................................................................44
12.3.1 Speciaal basis onderwijs.....................................................................................44
12.3.2 Leerwegondersteunend onderwijs.......................................................................44
12.3.3 Praktijkonderwijs.................................................................................................44
12.3.4 (voorgezet) Speciaal onderwijs...........................................................................44
12.4 Kwaliteit in het (voorgezet) speciaal onderwijs...........................................................45
12.5 Bekostiging................................................................................................................ 45
12.6 Aanmelding en toelating............................................................................................45
12.7 Thuiszitters................................................................................................................46
, 12.8 Passend onderwijs en jeugdhulp...............................................................................46
Hoofdstuk 13 Werk................................................................................................................ 46
13.1 Wet sociale werkvoorziening.....................................................................................46
13.2 Participatiewet...........................................................................................................46
13.3 Arbeidsongeschikt.....................................................................................................47
13.3.1 Wajong................................................................................................................ 47
13.4 Speciale trajecten......................................................................................................47
Hoofdstuk 14 Professionele ondersteuning...........................................................................47
14.1 Reguliere hulpverlening.............................................................................................47
14.2 Hulpverlening voor mensen met een licht verstandelijke beperking...........................48
14.3 Hulpverleningsvormen...............................................................................................48
14.4 Gecertificeerde instelling............................................................................................50
14.5 Financiering hulpverlening.........................................................................................50
14.5.1 Jeugdwet............................................................................................................. 50
14.5.2 Wet maatschappelijk ondersteuning....................................................................51
14.5.3 Persoonsgebonden budget.................................................................................51
Hoofdstuk 15 Als vrijwillige hulp niet werkt............................................................................51
15.2 Rechten van het kind.................................................................................................51
15.3 Onderzoek bij zorgen................................................................................................51
15.3.1 Veilig Thuis..........................................................................................................51
15.3.2 Raad voor de kinderbescherming........................................................................52
15.4 Gedwongen hulpverlening; maatregelen....................................................................52
15.4.1 Ondertoezichtstelling...........................................................................................52
15.4.2 Gezagsbeëindigende maatregel..........................................................................53
15.4.3 Beschermingsmaatregelen 18+...........................................................................53
15.5 Strafrecht voor jongeren............................................................................................53
15.5.1 Jongeren onder de 12 jaar..................................................................................53
15.5.2 Adolescentenstrafrecht........................................................................................54
15.5.3 Halt- afdoening....................................................................................................54
15.5.4 Taakstraf.............................................................................................................54
15.5.5 Jeugdreclassering...............................................................................................54
15.6 Gesloten plaatsen van jongeren................................................................................54
15.6.1 JeugdzorgPlus....................................................................................................55
15.6.2 Justitiële jeugdinrichting......................................................................................55
15.7 Specialistische jeugdzorg..........................................................................................55
16.7.1 Andere hulpverlening voor een specifieke doelgroep..........................................56
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