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Bio 114 Final Exam Questions and 100% Correct Answers
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A ___ is a community along with its physical environment. Ecosystem By definition, a _____ consists of individuals of the same species that are living in the same area at the same time. Population Parasitic relationships fall under the category of _____. Consumption If two species of birds are i...

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  • August 9, 2024
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Bio 114 Final Exam Questions and 100%
Correct Answers
A ___ is a community along with its physical environment. ✅Ecosystem

By definition, a _____ consists of individuals of the same species that are living in the
same area at the same time. ✅Population

Parasitic relationships fall under the category of _____. ✅Consumption

If two species of birds are interacting, and both are experiencing a negative effect on
fitness, which type of interaction is occurring? ✅Competition

____ is defined as any change in allele frequency in a population that is due to change.
✅Genetic drift

Which of the above dies not tend to promote speciation? ✅Gene flow

New evidence suggests that the genetic diversity of the Alaskan gray wolf grew
significantly after the last ice age, when this population was no longer isolated from
other populations. This in crease in genetic diversity is most likely due to ______.
✅Gene flow

Populations adapt to changing environmental conditions as a result of ______.
✅Natural selection

A hurricane occurs near a nesting colony of seagulls, killing 98% of them. The surviving
population happens to have longer beaks, on average, than the initial population. If
beak length is genetically determined, what effect has the seagull population
experienced from the hurricane. ✅Genetic drift

Natural selection occurs in a wide variety of patterns. Which of the following modes of
selection changes the average value of a trait? ✅Directional selection

Which mode of natural selection is most likely to contribute to speciation? ✅Disruptive
selection

Black-bellied seed crackers have either small beaks (better for eating soft seeds) or
large beaks (better for hard seeds). There are no seeds of intermediate hardness;
therefore, which kind of selection acts on beak size in seed crackers? ✅Disruptive
selection

,Most swiss starlings produce four to five eggs in each clutch. Starlings producing fewer
or more than this have reduced fitness. Which of the terms best describes this
situation? ✅Stabilizing selection

If NASA have you a sample of dust from Mars and asked you to determine whether the
sample contains evidence of life, which of the following would be most effective for you
to do? ✅Use a microscope to observe whether the dust contains cellular structure

Which of the following are important biotic factors that can affect the distribution of
species? ✅Predation, competition

Which of the following use solar energy or chemical energy contained in reduced
inorganic compounds to manufacture their own food? ✅Primary producers

A cow eating grass is an example of a ____. ✅Primary consumer

The feeding relationships among the species in a community determine the
community's ____. ✅Trophic structure

Which of the following has the greatest effect on the rate of chemical/nutrient cycling in
an ecosystem? ✅The rate of decomposition in the ecosystem

The recovery that follows a severe disturbance is called_____. ✅Succession

Why do moderate levels of disturbance result in an increase in species diversity?
✅Habitats are opened up for less competitive species

Under which of the following conditions would a population most likely experience
exponential growth? ✅Young populations with a few individuals

The theory of evolution by natural selection states: ✅All species are descended from a
common ancestor

The statement "various species of Galapagos finches are adapted to their particular
habitats" means: ✅Different species have traits that increase fitness in a particular
environment.

Which of the following is a modern definition of biological evolution? ✅Evolution is a
change in allele frequencies in a population over time

In biology, an adaptation is defined as _____. ✅A heritable trait that increases the
fitness of an individual in a particular environment

,If you say that a ground squirrels has greater evolutionary fitness than another ground
squirrel in the same population, you mean that the animal_____. ✅Has more offspring
that survive and reproduce themselves

We categorized the different types of evidence for evolution as either demonstrating that
species changed over time, or that species were related by common ancestry. Of the
three types of evidence listed below, which are most directly associated with
demonstrating that species change over time? ✅The fossil records
Direct observation

Which of the following most strongly supports the common origin of all life on Earth? All
organisms _____. ✅Use essentially the same genetic code

In evolutionary studies, it is important that data from independent sources agree in
supporting predictions made by a theory. What is this observation called? ✅Internal
consistency

As scientists, we expect the fossil record to be sparse and potentially biased (for a
variety of reasons). Which of these is a valid critique of the general fossil record?
✅Paleontologists typically only find species that were widespread and/or present on
the Earth for long periods of time

The fossil record provided more information about ancient cockroaches than about
recent walking stick insects. This is likely an example of ______. ✅Temporal bias

Why do related species share homologous traits? ✅Related species inherited
homologous traits from a common ancestor

Which is an example of a structural homology? ✅Vertebrate forelimbs generally have
the same number and a similar arrangement of bones

A ______ trait is one that has lost all or most of their original function in a species
through evolution. ✅Vestigial

Genetic variation is the number and relative frequency of ________ that are present in a
particular population. ✅Alleles

In nature, female often do not mate at random but rather actively choose certain males
based on certain characteristics. In some species, males even compete to gain a
female's attention. What is this type of selection called? ✅Sexual selection

What is an important consequence of gene flow on natural populations? ✅Gene low
tends to reduce genetic differences among populations

, Which of the following cannot evolve? ✅And individual

Genetic variation _______. ✅Must be present in a population before natural selection
can act upon the population

Which phrase best reflects the relationship between natural selection and evolution?
✅Natural selection is a process that causes evolution to occur

Treehoppers (a type of insect) produce honeydew, which ants use for food.
Treehoppers have a major predator, the jumping spider. Researchers hypothesized that
the ants would protect the treehoppers from the spiders. In an experiment, researchers
followed study plots with ants removed from the system and compared them to a control
plot. In the figure above, what can you conclude. ✅Ants do somehow protect the
treehoppers from spiders

In the figure above, which of the arrows represents the carrying capacity of a
population? ✅Arrow C

We discussed the % characteristics that organisms share. In addition to being made of
cells, all organisms.... ✅Process information
Acquire and use energy

Which of the following statements regarding the theory of evolution are true?
✅Population can evolve in the absence of natural selection
Evolution represents the result of selection for acquired characteristics

Which of the following statements are true regarding genetic drift? ✅It is random with
respect to fitness
Over time, it can lead to the random loss or fixation of alleles

Indicate which of the following conditions must exist in a population before evolution can
occur. ✅Genetic variation among members of the population
Differential survival or reproduction between members of the population

Name one factor that affects climate and describe/define how it affects each climate for
each of the following scales: ✅a. Global
i. A factor that affects global climate is sun exposure/distance from the sun. This is
because sunlight exposure effects many other abiotic factors such as precipitation and
temperature
b. Regional
i. A factor that affects regional climate is if the area is in a rain shadow or not, because
this affects precipitations and wind.

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