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ABCD Child Development 10 Exam 1 Questions and Answers
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ABCD Child Development 10 Exam 1 Questions and Answers
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ABCD Child Development 10 Exam 1What is nature? - Answer -Nature refers to biological or hereditary information that affects child
development and learning.
What is nurture? - Answer -Nurture refers to the day to day interactions children encounter in their
environment.
How does nature and nurture affect development? - Answer -The Influences of Nature and Nurture on
Human Development
Nature is responsible for the growth of a person from the fetus level until development into a normal
adult. The genetic makeup of a human being is responsible for their sex, skin color, color of their eyes
and hair as well as distinguishing features which are inherited.
Nature can only assist in the growth of a fetus into a normal well-developed adult who may have
inherited some special talents. Thus it can be concluded that nature uses the genetic coding to help in
physical development and does impart some positive or negative traits to an individual. However, it is
nurture which can be utilized to improve positive traits and diminish the effect of negative traits in a
child.
What is a developmental theory? - Answer -The psychoanalytic theories of child development tend to
focus on things such as the unconscious, and forming the ego. The two primary psychoanalytic theories
of development are Sigmund Freud's theory of psycho-sexual development and Erik Erickson psycho-
social theory of development.
,What is a theory? - Answer -A supposition or a system of ideas intended to explain something, especially
one based on general principles independent of the thing to be explained.
What is the importance of Developmental Studies? - Answer -1.to enable student acquire critical
understanding of the limits of any single discipline.
2.to enable student to appreciate the roles of historical,social and political analysis in interpreting
complex development problem.
3.to introduce student to development perspective on factors influencing development in developing
countries. 4.to enable student to learn concepts and theories of development in developing countries. 5.
to acquaint student with agenda, actors and actions that characterize development. 6. to provide
student with necessary knowledge and skills to engage with development problem and issues.
What is continuous vs discontinuous theories? - Answer -The path is a lot like the continuity view of
development. Proponents of the continuity view say that development is a continuous process that is
gradual and cumulative. For example, a child learns to crawl, and then to stand and then to walk. They
are gradually learning how to walk. It's just like hiking up the mountain path: a slow, steady ascent that
leads to the top.
On the other hand, some people see development as consisting of different stages. The discontinuity
view of development believes that people pass through stages of life that are qualitatively different from
each other. For example, children go from only being able to think in very literal terms to being able to
think abstractly. They have moved into the 'abstract thinking' phase of their lives. As you can imagine,
discontinuous development is like walking up the stairs: a series of stages, or steps, that get you to the
top of the mountain.
What is stability vs. Plasticity? - Answer -stability=stable, associated with heredity, lifelong
characteristics, see skills at a young age, remain the same. plasticity=(flexible) responsive to experience,
practice builds skills, open to change
What are the different types of influences on development? - Answer -• Environmental Factors
• Biological Factors
• Interpersonal Relationships
• Early Environments and Experiences
, What is resilience? - Answer -Resilience is the process of adapting well in the face of adversity, trauma,
tragedy, threats, or even significant sources of stress — such as family and relationship problems,
serious health problems, or workplace and financial stressors. It means "bouncing back" from difficult
experiences.
what are the four factors of resilience? - Answer -The capacity to make realistic plans and take steps to
carry them out
A positive view of yourself and confidence in your strengths and abilities
Skills in communication and problem solving
The capacity to manage strong feelings and impulses
What is the psycho-sexual theory? - Answer -Freud's psycho-sexual theory of development suggests that
children develop through a series of stages related to erogenous zones.
What are the stages of the psycho-sexual theory? - Answer -The five stages of Freud's psycho-sexual
theory of development include the oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital stages.
Describe each stage of Freud's psycho-sexual theory of development - Answer -Oral (0-1 years of age):
During this stage, the mouth is the pleasure center for development. Freud believed this is why infants
are born with a sucking reflex and desire their mother's breast. If a child's oral needs are not met during
infancy, he or she may develop negative habits such as nail biting or thumb sucking to meet this basic
need.
Anal (1-3 years of age): During this stage, toddlers and preschool-aged children begin to experiment
with urine and feces. The control they learn to exert over their bodily functions is manifested in toilet-
training. Improper resolution of this stage, such as parents toilet training their children too early, can
result in a child who is uptight and overly obsessed with order.
Phallic (3-6 years of age): During this stage, preschoolers take pleasure in their genitals and, according
to Freud, begin to struggle with sexual desires toward the opposite sex parent (boys to mothers and girls
to fathers). For boys, this is called the Oedipus complex, involving a boy's desire for his mother and his
urge to replace his father who is seen as a rival for the mother's attention. At the same time, the boy is
afraid his father will punish him for his feelings, so he experiences castration anxiety. The Electra
complex, later proposed by Freud's protégé Carl Jung, involves a girl's desire for her father's attention
and wish to take her mother's place.
Latency (6-12 years of age): During this stage, sexual instincts subside, and children begin to further
develop the superego, or conscience. Children begin to behave in morally acceptable ways and adopt
the values of their parents and other important adults.
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