Child Guidance - Answer -Contrived methods for external control as well as interaction with and
extension of the development of naturally unfolding internal mechanisms and motivations for self-
control and self-discipline
developmentally appropriate practice - Answer -Early education and care that is carefully planned to
match the diverse interests, abilities, and cultural needs of children at various ages and that is carried
out with respect for and in cooperation with their families
temperament - Answer -clusters of personality traits with individual and distinctive behavioral patterns
authoritative parenting - Answer -interactive (or control) style relying on two-way communication,
collaboratively developed rules, and positive guidance - THE GUIDE
authoritarian parenting - Answer -interactive (or control) style relying on one-way communication, rigid
rules, and punishment - THE SLEDGEHAMMER
permissive parenting - Answer -interactive (or control) style relying on neglect, abdication of
responsibility, or over-indulgence - THE DOORMAT
Jon Dewey - Answer -approach to education relied on learning by doing rather than learning through
rigid lecture-based lessons, tedious memorization, and recitation of memorized material, which were all
standard practices of that period
, Alfred Adler - Answer -developed a social constructivist view of human behavior based on value-
oriented psychology
Carl Rogers - Answer -theory of personality
Jean Piaget - Answer -a theory based on four predetermined stages of mental growth (sensorimotor, pre
operational, concrete operational, and formal operational)
Lev Vygotsky - Answer -Zone of proximal educational development
Maria Montessori - Answer -proposed the idea that "mankind can hope for a solution to its problems...
only by turning its attention and energies to the discovery of the child"
Friedrich Froebel - Answer -realized that play was the engine that naturally drove learning in young
children
urie Bonfenbrenner - Answer -bioecological theory
Behaviorist - Answer -- environment is the primary determinant of human behavior
- objectively observable behavior constitutes the essential psychology makeup of a human being
Maturationist - Answer -- internal predisposition
- physiological characteristics are inherited traits
- essential psychological makeup of a human being is inborn
constructivist - Answer -- children construct their own learning from innate cognitive structures and
external experiences
Object permanence - Answer -the knowledge that something hidden from view is not gone forever but
rather is in another location at that time and likely to appear
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