Pathophysiology Exam 1-NR 283
1.Health: Physical, Mental, and social well-being
2.Disease: Deviation from the normal state of homeostasis
3.Pathophysiology: - Functional (physiologic) changes in the body as a
result from disease
- Cause and effect relationships, defined by signs and symptoms, guide
the study of a specific disease
4.Atrophy: - Decrease in the size of the cells
- Results in reduced tissue mass
- Common causes: reduced use of the tissue, insufficient nutrition,
decrease neuro- logical or hormonal stimulation, and agin
5.Hypertrophy: - Increase in cell size
- results in enlarged tissue mass
- Common causes: additional work by the tissue, excessive hormonal
stimulation
6.Hyperplasia: - Increase in cell size
- Results in enlarged tissue mass
- Common causes: compensatory mechanism to meet increased
demand, or patho- logic when there is a hormonal imbalance
7.Metaplasia: - Mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell
type
- adaptive mechanism that provide more resistance tissue
8.Dysplasia: - Cells vary in size and shape within a tissue
- Chronic irritation infection, or may be a precancerous change (Cervix)
9.Anaplasia: - Undifferentiated cells, with variable nuclear and cell
structures
- Characteristic of cancer
10.Neoplasia: "New growth"
11.Apoptosis: - Normal, refers to programmed cell death
12.Causes of Cell Damage: - Ischemia (most common): decreased
supply of oxygenated blood to a tissue or organ due to circulation
obstruction
-Hypoxia: reduced oxygen in tissues
13.Physical Damage to Cells Damage: Excessive heat or cold; Radiation
expo- sure
14.Mechanical Damage to Cells Damage: Pressure or tearing of tissue
15.Chemical Toxins to Cell Damage: -Exogenous: from the environment
-Endogenous: from inside the body
16.What are common causes of cell damage?: -Microorganisms
-Abnormal metabolites
1.Health: Physical, Mental, and social well-being
2.Disease: Deviation from the normal state of homeostasis
3.Pathophysiology: - Functional (physiologic) changes in the body as a
result from disease
- Cause and effect relationships, defined by signs and symptoms, guide
the study of a specific disease
4.Atrophy: - Decrease in the size of the cells
- Results in reduced tissue mass
- Common causes: reduced use of the tissue, insufficient nutrition,
decrease neuro- logical or hormonal stimulation, and agin
5.Hypertrophy: - Increase in cell size
- results in enlarged tissue mass
- Common causes: additional work by the tissue, excessive hormonal
stimulation
6.Hyperplasia: - Increase in cell size
- Results in enlarged tissue mass
- Common causes: compensatory mechanism to meet increased
demand, or patho- logic when there is a hormonal imbalance
7.Metaplasia: - Mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell
type
- adaptive mechanism that provide more resistance tissue
8.Dysplasia: - Cells vary in size and shape within a tissue
- Chronic irritation infection, or may be a precancerous change (Cervix)
9.Anaplasia: - Undifferentiated cells, with variable nuclear and cell
structures
- Characteristic of cancer
10.Neoplasia: "New growth"
11.Apoptosis: - Normal, refers to programmed cell death
12.Causes of Cell Damage: - Ischemia (most common): decreased
supply of oxygenated blood to a tissue or organ due to circulation
obstruction
-Hypoxia: reduced oxygen in tissues
13.Physical Damage to Cells Damage: Excessive heat or cold; Radiation
expo- sure
14.Mechanical Damage to Cells Damage: Pressure or tearing of tissue
15.Chemical Toxins to Cell Damage: -Exogenous: from the environment
-Endogenous: from inside the body
16.What are common causes of cell damage?: -Microorganisms
-Abnormal metabolites
