Trait - Characteristic that is inherited; can be either dominant or recessive.
P Generation - The true-breeding (homozygous) parent individuals from which F1 hybrid offspring are
derived in studies of inheritance; P stands for "parental."
F1 generation - The first filial, hybrid (heterozygous) offspring arising from a parental (P generation)
cross.
F2 generation - The offspring resulting from interbreeding (or self-pollination) of the hybrid FF1
generation.
The Law of Segregation - Mendel's first law, stating that the two alleles in a pair segregate (separate
from each other) into different gametes during gamete formation.
Allele - Any of the alternative versions of a gene that may produce distinguishable phenotypic effects.
Dominant Allele - An allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype of a heterozygote. Only need 1 copy
of dominant allele to show dominant trait.
Recessive Allele - An allele whose phenotypic effect is not observed in a heterozygote - it is "masked" or
hidden. Need 2 copies of recessive allele to show recessive trait.
Genotype - The genetic makeup, or set of alleles, of an organism. (Ex: PP, Pp or pp)
Phenotype - The EXPRESSED/observable physical and physiological traits of an organism, which are
determined by its genetic makeup.
Punnett Square - A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the predicted genotypic results of
random fertilization in genetic crosses between individuals of known genotype.
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