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Immunology Final- BMS Barry Questions and Answers 100% Solved
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Immunology Final- BMS Barry
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Immunology Final- BMS BarryTypes of phagocytes - answer neutrophil and macrophages
Phagocytes have - answer granules and lysosomes
when phagocytes enzymes cascade is activated ir causes release of other molecules
XXXX. - answer oxidative burst
Phagocytes deal with small extracellular pathogens - answer bacteria, protozoa, fungi
and cellular debris
What do phagocytes produce to alert the adaptive immune system - answer cytokines
and cell surface molecule
Phagocytes from the bone marrow - answer myeloid cell, neutrophils,
monocyte/macrophages, tissue macrophages, giant and epithelioid cells, fixed
macrophages, alveolar macrophages, glial cells, osteoclast
Neutrophils - answer produced daily, do not survive more than a few hours. their
amount varies in blood stream, increase during infection. Get to infection kill pathogen
and die off. Play imp role in early defense against bacterial infection. Neutropenia leads
to serious risk of bacterial infection
What is the most common phagocyte cell and multilobe? - answer Neutrophils
Monocytes/macrophages - answer myeloid cells, monocytes are immature in the blood
when they get into the tissues or sites of activation they mature into macrophages. Have
a life span 9 months to year
tissue macrophages - answer large cells, specialized granules, cytoplasmic
compartments, founding in bone marrow, lymph nodes. They are activate macrophages
also called histiocytic
giant (epithelioid) - answer Mature macrophages in chronic inflammation site,
granuloma formation, they prolong the inflammatory response (cytokines), no pus, many
years
fixed macrophages - answer line the sinusoids of the spleen and liver, kupfer cells and
hemolytic anemia
alveolar macrophages - answer in lungs (COPD)
, Glial cells - answerlong lives macrophages in the nervous system. To clean did
neuronal cells
Osteoclasts - answerthe most specialized macrophages, found in bone, regulate
calcium metabolism, reabsorb and release calcium into the blood
what is used to boost neutrophil numbers? - answerrecombination granulocyte CSF
neutrophils and monocytes comes from - answerthe bone marrow with the same stem
cell
Phagocyte recruitment for neutrophils - answerno neutrophils in normal tissues, only in
inflamed tissues (IL 17)
phagocyte recruitment for monocytes - answermonocytes go to tissues, mature into
macrophages turn into macrophages remain dormant until stimulated
what prepares the phagocytes for action - answerreceptors
Toll like receptors - answerfamiliy of 10, they have overlapping roles, found in
macrophages and APC such as dendritic cells and B cell, epithelial cell. TLRS bring to
pathogen then initiate an intracellular signal and cytokines are produced, use then as
target for therapy
c-lectin receptors - answerlectins are sugar binding proteins, recognized by c letting of
pathogen or dying mammalian cells, This will activate the macrophages and we get
cytokine production. Deliver pathogens to endocytic pathways
phagocytes can bind - answerpathogens coast in complement components, complexes
of antigen-antibody and complement (immune complexes) dead cells
receptors for immunoglobing - answerIgG via the FC receptors. IgG stimulate
phagocytosis and acts as opsonin
which one the only one that produces neutrophils extracellular traps? -
answerneutrophils and they are short lived
Macrophages play an important role in what - answerIIS and AIS
oxidative burst - answerenzymes that further destroy pathogens. Hydrogen peroxide,
hypochlorus acid, NO, elevated will reduce vascular tone
Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD) - answerdefect in NADPH oxidase → ↑
susceptibility to infections with catalase + organisms (S. aureus, Aspergillus, etc...)
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