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BIO 202 FINAL EXAM REVIEW
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BIO 202 FINAL EXAM REVIEW
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BIO 202 FINAL EXAM REVIEW 2024-20241. what is the normal pH range of blood?: 7.35-7.45
2. which vein is a common location for venipuncture?: median cubital vein
3. what are the 4 main functions of blood?: -transportation of metabolic wastes -
transportation of oxygen
-protection from disease
-protection from a loss of blood
4. what is plasma is mostly made up?: water
5. in the process of recycling hemoglobin, what is the proper pathway in the
recycling and conversion of the heme part?: Heme -> biliverdin -> bilirubin ->
urobilinogen -> stercobilin -> feces
6. in the process of recycling hemoglobin, where iron is stored in tissue it is bound
to: Ferritin
7. a low white blood cell count is known as: leukopenia
8. in adults, new red blood cells are formed in the: red bone marrow
9. which hematopoietic growth factor is responsible for an increase with the
number of platelets?: thrombopoietin
10. in the extrinsic pathway in blood clotting, tissue factor combines with: activated
X to form prothrombinase
11. in the the common pathway in blood clotting,: prothrombin is converted to
thrombin
12. what is an embolus: a blood clot or other mass that has detached and is moving in
the bloodstream
13. what is hemophilia?: inability to form blood clots
14. what are the effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine on the heart?: it
increases the strength of the contractions and it increases the heart rate
15. what is the role of the chordea tendineae?: to keep the atrioventricular valves
closed during ventricular systole
16. unlike a neuron, the action potential in a cardiac muscle contains a plateau
period. this plateau is sustained due to: both potassium and calcium channels
opening
17. if your heart rate is over 100 bpm, it is known as: tachycardia
18. the movement of material into the interstitial space from a blood vessel is
known as: filtration
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, .
19. where exactly are pectinate muscles found?: the auricles of the heart
20. in an ECG/EKG, the T wave represents: ventricular repolarization
21. sites of nutrient and waste exchange are: capillaries
22. an increase in the width of a blood vessel is known as: vasodilation
23. which type of capillary would allow for the greatest amount of erythrocyte
leakage and therefore result in the greatest amount of bruising?: sinusoidal capillary
24. an increase in the number of red blood cells is called: polycythemia
25. inappropriate systemic vasodilation is known as: vascular shock
26. into which blood vessel do the lymph ducts empty to: junction of the subclavian
and jugular veins
27. what causes elephantiasis?: parasites destroying lymphatic vessels
28. what is the role of anchoring filaments in lymphatic vessels: to keep the
lymphatic vessels from collapsing under outside pressure
29. what is chyle?: lymph from the small intestines
30. neutral killer cells are a key part of the: innate immune response
31. cell mediated immunity refers to destruction of antigens by: T cells
32. in a normal human immune system, a lymphocyte that displays CD4 protein
becomes a: helper T cell
33. in a normal human immune system, a lymphocyte that displays CD8 protein
becomes a: cytotoxic t cell
34. immunity conferred via a vaccine is known as: artificially acquired active
immunity
35. what type of immune defense cell is selectively invaded by HIV?: helper t cells
36. which interleukin is secreted by T cells as a costimulator?: interleukin 2
37. what type of epithelium is located in the trachea?: pseudostratified columnar
ciliated
38. ____ cartilage influence the changes in position and tension of the vocal folds:
arytenoid cartilage
39. visceral pleura lines: the lungs
40. alveoli consist of: simple squamous epithelium
41. air will move into the lungs if pressure in the lungs: is less than atmospheric
pressure
42. people suffering from Ondine's curse have to: have to remember to breath
43. central chemoreceptors are located: in the medulla oblongata
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