bio 182 final exam 2 sets Questions and Correct
Answers100% with Complete Solution.
ecology; what is it's purpose? - Answer- -study of how organisms interact with their environment
-to understand the distribution and abundance of organisms
population - Answer- group of individuals of the same species living in the same area, at the
same time
community - Answer- consists of species that interact with one another within a particular area
ecosystem - Answer- consists of all organisms in a particular region, along with non-living
components
abiotic components - Answer- air, water, and non-living parts of soil
range - Answer- geographical distribution; abiotic & biotic determine range
biomes - Answer- major groupings of plant and animal communities defined by a dominant
vegetation type
climate - Answer- the prevailing, long-term weather conditions found in an area
tropical wet forests (rain forests) - Answer- found in equator regions where temperatures are high
and annual temperature is very low; produce abundant plant growth, lead to high above-ground
biomass
boreal forest (taiga) - Answer- forms on subarctic lands, dominated by highly cold-tolerant
conifers; productivity is low, above-ground biomass is high because slow-growing tree species
may be long-lived and become big
,tundra - Answer- found throughout the arctic regions; low productivity and low above-ground
biomass and its treeless
permafrost - Answer- soils are in a permanently frozen state; limits both the release and uptake
of nutrients
simulation studies - Answer- are based on computer models of weather patterns in local regions
observational studies - Answer- based on long-term monitoring at fixed site
historical studies - Answer- examine the relationship b/w CO2 levels, climate change, & the
distribution and abundance of organisms based on events millions of years ago
experiments - Answer- designed to simulate changed climate conditions and to record responses
by the organisms present
behavior - Answer- an action or response to a stimulus
behavioral biology - Answer- study of how organisms respond to particular stimuli from those
environments
proximate causation (mechanistic) - Answer- explains how actions occur
ultimate causation (evolutionary) - Answer- explains why actions occur
fixed action patterns (FAP's) - Answer- highly inflexible stereotypical behavior patterns
innate behaviors - Answer- behavior that is inherited and shows little variation based on learning
or the individuals condition
, cost benefit analysis - Answer- animals appear to weigh the costs and benefits of responding to a
particular situation in various ways
foraging - Answer- when animals seek food
piloting - Answer- use of familiar landmarks
compass orientation - Answer- movement oriented in a specific direction
true navigation - Answer- ability to locate a specific place on earth's surface
circadian clock - Answer- maintains a 24-hour rhythm of chemical activity-animals use sun for
direction
communication - Answer- process in which a signal from one individual modifies the behavior
of another individual
altruism - Answer- behavior that has a fitness cost to the individual exhibiting it and a fitness
benefit to the recipient, appears to contradict this pattern (queen bees giving themselves up for
the queen to reproduce)
hamilton's rule - Answer- can be expressed as Br>C, where B is the fitness benefit to the
beneficiary, r is the coefficient of relatedness, and c is the fitness cost to the actor
inclusive fitness - Answer- the combination of direct and indirect fitness components
kin selection - Answer- natural selection that acts through benefits to relatives and results in
increased indirect fitness
Answers100% with Complete Solution.
ecology; what is it's purpose? - Answer- -study of how organisms interact with their environment
-to understand the distribution and abundance of organisms
population - Answer- group of individuals of the same species living in the same area, at the
same time
community - Answer- consists of species that interact with one another within a particular area
ecosystem - Answer- consists of all organisms in a particular region, along with non-living
components
abiotic components - Answer- air, water, and non-living parts of soil
range - Answer- geographical distribution; abiotic & biotic determine range
biomes - Answer- major groupings of plant and animal communities defined by a dominant
vegetation type
climate - Answer- the prevailing, long-term weather conditions found in an area
tropical wet forests (rain forests) - Answer- found in equator regions where temperatures are high
and annual temperature is very low; produce abundant plant growth, lead to high above-ground
biomass
boreal forest (taiga) - Answer- forms on subarctic lands, dominated by highly cold-tolerant
conifers; productivity is low, above-ground biomass is high because slow-growing tree species
may be long-lived and become big
,tundra - Answer- found throughout the arctic regions; low productivity and low above-ground
biomass and its treeless
permafrost - Answer- soils are in a permanently frozen state; limits both the release and uptake
of nutrients
simulation studies - Answer- are based on computer models of weather patterns in local regions
observational studies - Answer- based on long-term monitoring at fixed site
historical studies - Answer- examine the relationship b/w CO2 levels, climate change, & the
distribution and abundance of organisms based on events millions of years ago
experiments - Answer- designed to simulate changed climate conditions and to record responses
by the organisms present
behavior - Answer- an action or response to a stimulus
behavioral biology - Answer- study of how organisms respond to particular stimuli from those
environments
proximate causation (mechanistic) - Answer- explains how actions occur
ultimate causation (evolutionary) - Answer- explains why actions occur
fixed action patterns (FAP's) - Answer- highly inflexible stereotypical behavior patterns
innate behaviors - Answer- behavior that is inherited and shows little variation based on learning
or the individuals condition
, cost benefit analysis - Answer- animals appear to weigh the costs and benefits of responding to a
particular situation in various ways
foraging - Answer- when animals seek food
piloting - Answer- use of familiar landmarks
compass orientation - Answer- movement oriented in a specific direction
true navigation - Answer- ability to locate a specific place on earth's surface
circadian clock - Answer- maintains a 24-hour rhythm of chemical activity-animals use sun for
direction
communication - Answer- process in which a signal from one individual modifies the behavior
of another individual
altruism - Answer- behavior that has a fitness cost to the individual exhibiting it and a fitness
benefit to the recipient, appears to contradict this pattern (queen bees giving themselves up for
the queen to reproduce)
hamilton's rule - Answer- can be expressed as Br>C, where B is the fitness benefit to the
beneficiary, r is the coefficient of relatedness, and c is the fitness cost to the actor
inclusive fitness - Answer- the combination of direct and indirect fitness components
kin selection - Answer- natural selection that acts through benefits to relatives and results in
increased indirect fitness
