HMX Pharmacology Definitions; Questions &
Answers 100% Pass
Absorption Answer-The uptake of a drug from its site of administration into the
bloodstream.
Active transport Answer-The movement of a molecule against its concentration gradient
across a membrane, with a concomitant expenditure of...
HMX Pharmacology Definitions; Questions &
Answers 100% Pass
Absorption Answer-The uptake of a drug from its site of administration into the
bloodstream.
Active transport Answer-The movement of a molecule against its concentration gradient
across a membrane, with a concomitant expenditure of energy.
Affinity Answer-A measure of the strength of drug-receptor binding.
Agonist Answer-An endogenous or exogenous ligand that binds to and stimulates a
receptor to produce a molecular response.
Anabolic reaction Answer-A reaction involving synthesis of new molecules, generally
requiring energy
Antagonist Answer-An endogenous or exogenous molecule that binds to and blocks a
receptor to inhibit a molecular response.
Antibody Answer-A glycoprotein that plays an important role in the immune response by
binding to and targeting specific antigens for removal from the body
Antigen Answer-A substance, generally foreign to the body, that induces an immune
response.
Area under the curve (AUC) Answer-When the concentration of drug in the plasma is
plotted over time on a graph, the AUC is used as a measure of the total exposure of the body to
a drug.
Astrocytes Answer-Specialized glial cells in the brain that contribute to the integrity of
the blood-brain barrier.
Basal activity Answer-The molecular response produced by a receptor in the absence of a
bound ligand, also referred to as constitutive activity.
Binding curve Answer-A graph representing the percentage of receptor occupancy, or the
percentage of receptors bound by a drug, plotted against the concentration of drug at the
receptor.
Biologics Answer-Therapeutics that are large in size (biological polymers), have complex
structures, and are derived from natural sources.
Blood-brain barrier Answer-A protective membrane barrier between the blood and the
brain that consists of endothelial cells joined by tight junctions and surrounded by astrocytes.
C50 Answer-A concentration corresponding to half the maximal concentration of drug in
the bloodstream.
Cell-based therapy Answer-A therapy that involves introducing live cells into a patient.
These cells can be obtained from the patient or another individual, and may be modified
genetically or developmentally before use.
Cellular protein Answer-A protein found within a cell or cell membrane such as a
receptor, an enzyme, an ion channel, or a transporter.
Characterization (of a compound) Answer-The process of determining the biological,
chemical, toxic, and pharmacological properties of a compound during drug development.
Clearance Answer-The volume of plasma cleared of a drug in a unit of time.
Cmax Answer-The maximum concentration of drug achieved in the bloodstream.
Competitive antagonist Answer-An antagonist that binds to a receptor, thereby inhibiting
the binding of an agonist to that receptor and preventing a molecular response from being
produced by the agonist.
Compound-centered drug discovery Answer-Drug discovery that begins by identifying a
compound.
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