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Answers to multiple choice questions - Anatomy and Physiology (midwifery)
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Cell structure: 5. Medulla1. Control centre 6. 1 million
2. Mitochondria 7. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
3. Modifying and exporting proteins, synthesising 8. Transport of urine from the kidneys to the bladder
carbs 9. Renal pelvis
4. Lysosome 10. Internal urethral sphincter
5. Cytoskeleton 11. It relaxes to allow urine flow from the bladder.
6. Centrioles 12. Increased pressure in the bladder
7. Cilia 13. Parathyroid hormone
8. Site of photosynthesis 14. By excreting waste products/regulating fluid
9. Vacuole balance
10. Cellulose 15. Cortex
11. Jelly-like fluid and dissolves substances 16. Filtration of blood
12. Proteins and RNA 17. Afferent arterioles
13. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum 19. It contracts to expel urine from the bladder.
14. Breaking down pathogens and debris 20. Aldosterone
15. Ribosomes and RER 21. At the base of the bladder
16. Providing structural support 22. To provide structural support to the renal
17. Skeletal muscle pyramids
18. Mitochondria 23. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
19. Synthesising and transporting 24. decreased bp and blood volume
20. Flagella 25. To relax during urination
21. Rough endoplasmic reticulum 26. Proximal convoluted tubule
22. Cell division and form the mitotic spindle 27. To transport urine from the bladder to the outside
23. Providing structural support of the body
24. Cardiac muscle 28. Erythropoietin
25. Vacuoles 29. To anchor the kidneys to the abdominal wall
Cell Transport: Endocrine system:
1. Diffusion 1. Hypothalamus
2. Cell membrane 2. Into the bloodstream
3. Small, lipid-soluble, non-polar molecules 3. Steroid hormones
4. Surface area, temperature, and concentration 4. Signals from the nervous system, chemical
gradient changes in the blood, and other hormones
5. Active transport 5. Pituitary gland
6. Carrier proteins 6. Exocrine glands secrete hormones through ducts.
7. Large, water-soluble, polar molecules 7. Negative feedback and positive
8. Osmosis 8. Epinephrine
9. From high-water potential to low-water potential 9. They bind to receptors on the cell membrane.
10. Selective permeability 10. Hypothalamus
11. Produces and secretes seven hormones.
Cell tissues: 12. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
1. Sending electrical impulses around the body 13. Regulation of calcium and phosphate in blood
2. Neurons and glial cells 14. Embedded in the posterior surface of thyroid
3. Skeletal muscle gland lobes.
4. Glandular epithelium 15. Thymosin
5. Most abundant and widely distributed tissue 16. Insulin
6. Adipose tissue 17. Increase in luteinising hormone (LH)
7. Surrounds organs 18. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
8. Hyaline cartilage 19. Oxytocin
9. Cardiac muscle 20. Adrenaline (epinephrine)
10. Cylindrical 21. Decrease blood glucose levels.
22. Pineal gland
Renal system:
1. 2 kidneys, 2 ureters, urinary bladder, urethra Cardiovascular system:
2. Renal vein and renal artery 1. Endocardium
3. Filtration 2. Pumping of the blood
4. Renal corpuscle 3. Involuntary
, 4. Right and left atrium Immunity:
5. Preventing backflow of blood 1. Antigens
6. Left atrium 2. T cells
7. Carry blood away from the heart 3. 2 heavy and 2 light chains
8. Valves 4. Active immunity
9. Arterioles 5. T cells rely on antigen presentation by
10. Exchange nutrients and waste with tissues and macrophages
carry blood for diffusion of oxygen into tissues 6. Attack virus-infected cells and cancer cells
11. Tunica media 7. Innate immunity
12. Vasoconstriction 8. Produce antibodies
13. SA node → AV node → Bundle of His → Purkinje 9. T helper cells
fibres 10. Attack compromised host cells
14. Type AB 11. Attack bacterial cell walls
15. Fight infection 12. Mucous membrane
16. Release chemicals to aid in clotting 13. Neutrophils
17. Sickle cell disease 14. Monocytes
18. High quantity of methaemoglobin in the blood 15. Basophils
19. Red bone marrow 16. Passive immunity
20. Providing blood to organs and tissues 17. Lymphocytes
21. Tunica interna 18. Macrophages
22. By expanding and contracting 19. Attack infected cells
23. Act as a go-between larger vessels and 20. Inflammation
capillaries 21. Lymphoedema
24. Mainly water and dissolved substances 22. Glandular fever
25. Forming fibrin strands to form a clot 23. Lymphomas
26. Spleen 24. Autoimmune disease
27. Fight infection
28. Facilitate blood clotting Female reproductive system:
29. Leukaemia 1. Vulva
30. initiating a heartbeat 2. To protect the inner and sensitive structures of the
vulva
Lymphatic system: 3. Clitoris
1. Transporting lymph 4. To produce hormones and store oocytes
2. Absorbing fats from the digestive tract, Destroying 5. To transport the egg from the ovary to the fallopian
harmful microorganisms tube
3. From interstitial fluid 6. Fallopian Tube
4. Absorbing fats 7. To thin and dilate during labour so the baby can
5. Thymus pass through the vagina
6. Wall of the small intestine 8. To maintain an acidic environment for sperm
7. Destroying bacteria 9. Myometrium
8. In the chest 10. Endometrium, Myometrium, Perimetrium
9. Producing lymphocytes 11. The release of an egg from the ovary
10. Filtering the blood 12. FSH
11. Producing red blood cells 13. Follicular phase
12. Filtering lymph 14. Surge in LH
13. In bones 15. It degenerates
14. Producing red blood cells 16. 5-6 days
15. Clear/whitish 17. To release GnRH
16. Through muscle contractions 18. GnRH
17. Skeletal muscle contractions 19. 28 days
18. Lymphatic trunks 20. Progesterone
19. Absorbing excess fluids 21. All of the above
20. Through one-way valves
21. Liver Male reproductive system:
22. Protecting mucous membranes 1. Produce and supply sperm
23. Lacteals 2. Produce sperm and testosterone
3. Epididymis
4. To secrete seminal fluid
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