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GISP questions and answers rated A+ 2024/2025
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GISP questions and answers rated A+ 2024/2025
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GISPData exploration - ANSData-centered query and analysis
Dynamic Segmentations - ANSA data model that allows the use of linearly measured data on a
coordinate system
Georelational data model - ANSA vector data model that uses a split system to store geometries
and attributes
GeoSpatial data - ANSData that describes both the locations and characteristics of spatial
features on the earth surface
Object-based data model - ANSA data model that uses objects to organize spatial data and
stores geometries and attributes in a single system
Raster data model - ANSA data model that uses a grid and cells to represent the spatial
variation of a feature
Relational Database - ANSA collection of tables in which tables are connected to one another
by keys
Topology - ANSA subfield of mathematics that when applied to GIS, ensures that the spatial
relationships between features are expressed explicitly
Triangulated irregular network (TIN) - ANSComposite vector data that approximate the terrain
with a set of nonoverlapping triangles
Vector data model - ANSA spatial data model that uses points and their x y coordinates to
construct spatial features of points, lines and polygons
Azimuthal Projection - ANSOne type of map projection that retains certain accurate directions.
Azimuthal also refers to one type of map projection that uses a plane as the projection surface
Central lines - ANSThe central parallel and the central meridian. Together, they define the
center or the origin of a map projection
Clarke 1866 - ANSA ground-measured ellipsoid, which is the basis for the North American
Datum of 1927 (NAD27)
Conformal projection - ANSOne type of map projection that preserves local shapes
,Conic Projection - ANSOne type of map projection that uses a cone as the projection surface
Cylindrical Projection - ANSOne type of map projection that uses a cylinder as the projection
surface
Datum - ANSThe basis for calculating the geographic coordinates of a location. An ellipsoid is a
required input to the derivation of a datum
Datum shift - ANSA change from one datum to another, such as from NAD27 to NAD83, which
can result in substantial horizontal shifts of point positions
Decimal degrees (DD) system - ANSA measurement system for long and lat values such as
42.5
Degrees minutes seconds - ANSA measurement system for long and lat values such as 42 30'
00", in which 1 degree equals 60 minutes and 1 minute equals 60 seconds
Ellipsoid - ANSA model that approximates the earth, ALSO called spheroid
Equidistant projection - ANSOne type of map projection that represents areas in correct relative
size
False easting - ANSA value applied to the origin of a coordinate system to change the
x-coordinate readings
False northing - ANSA value applied to the origin of a coordinate system to change the
x-coordinate readings
Geographic Coordinate data base (GCDB) - ANSA Database developed by the US bro of Land
Managment (BLM) to include long and lat values and other descriptive information for section
corners and monuments recorded in the PLSS
Geographic Coordinate System - ANSA location reference system for spatial features on the
Earths surface
GRS80 - ANSA satellite-determined ellipsoid for the Geodetic Reference System
Lambert Conformal conic projection - ANSA common map projection, which is the basis for the
SPC system for many states
Latitude - ANSThe angle north or south of the equatorial plane
Longitude - ANSThe angle east or west from the prime meridian
, Map Projection - ANSA systematic arrangement of parallels and meridians on a plane surface
Meridians - ANSLines of longitude that measure locations in the E-W direction on the
geographic coordinate system
NAD27 - ANSNorth American Datum of 1927 which is based on the clarke 1866 ellipsoid
NAD83 - ANSNorth American Datum of 1983 which is based on the GRS80 ellipsoid and has its
origin at the center of the ellipsoid
Parallels - ANSLines of latitude that measure locations in the N-S direction on the geographic
coordinate system
Principal scale - ANSSame as the scale of the reference globe
Projected coordinate system - ANSA plane coordinate system that is based on a map projection
Projection - ANSThe system used to transfer locations from Earth's surface to a flat map.
Public Land Survey System (PLSS) - ANSA land partitioning system used in the United States
Reference globe - ANSA reduced model of the earth from which map projections are made.
Also called a nominal or generating globe
Reprojection - ANSProjection of spatial data from one projected coordinate system to another
Scale factor - ANSRatio of the local scale to the scale of the reference globe. The scale factor is
1.0 along a standard line.
Spheroid - ANSA model that approximates the earth. Also called ellipsoid
Standard line - ANSLine of tangency between the projection surface and the reference globe A
standard line has no projection distortion and has the same scale as that of the reference globe
Standard meridian - ANSA standard line that follows a meridian
Standard parallel - ANSA standard line that follows a parallel
State Plane Coordinate (SPC) system - ANSA coordinate system developed in the 1930s to
permanently record original land survey monument locations in the united states. most states
have more than one zone based on the SPC27 or SPC83 system
Transverse Mercator projection - ANSA common map projection , which is the basis for the
UTM grid system and the SPC system
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