GISP Cartography, Data Acquisition, and
Data Manipulation
What is a thematic map? - ANSA type of map or chart specifically designed to show a particular
theme connected with a specific geographic area. Can include dot, choropleth, dasymetric,
isorhythmic, ect..
Chloropleth - ANSa thematic map in which ranked classes of some variable are depicted with
shading patterns or colors for predefined zones.
Proportional Symbol Map - ANSType of map that uses a symbol in varying sizes to show the
magnitude of a characteristic
Isarithmic or Isopleth Map - ANSlines of equal value are drawn (contour lines) or ranges of
similar values are filled with similar colors or patterns.
dasymetric map - ANSSimilar to choropleth maps, but the bounds of zones should not match
the administrative boundaries.
multivariate maps - ANSShowing several attributes of a feature within the same symbol.
What are the different types of symbolization values? - ANSSize, shape, orientation, pattern,
hue, value
What is a verbal scale? - ANSExpresses a relationship in words, e.g. one inch equals 16 miles
Visual scale? - ANSA scale bar
Representative scale - ANS1:24,000
What type of map uses a contour line? - ANSIsoline, isopleth, isarithm. a function of two
variables is a curve along which the function has a constant value.
Describe serif font and when it should be used - and when should sans serif font be used? -
ANSSerif font is New Roman, Courier New, Garamond, Georgia ( have little hats) and should be
used for natural and geographic features. Best used in big paragraphs. Sans serif is smooth
(Helvetica, Arial, Calibri) and best used in small point style and cultural features.
What is leading in typography? - ANSthe space between lines of text
, What is tracking in typography? - ANSThe space between letters in a block of text.
What is kerning in typography? - ANSThe adjustment of the space between two specific
characters for their relative shape. Very subjective.
What is a cartogram? - ANSA map that intentionally distorts geographic space on a given
variable.
What is a chorochromatic /area class map? - ANSRepresents a categorical or nominal variable
distributed over space. Soils and geology maps are a good example.
equal area projection - ANSshows the size of regions in correct relation to one another but
distorts shape. Albers equal area conic.
Conformal Projection - ANSA map that maintains the correct shape of features on the Earth but
distorts their relative size to one another. Good for navigational charts and weather maps.
Lambert conformal conic and Mercator.
Azimuthal Projection - ANSa map projection in which a region of the earth is projected onto a
plane tangential to the surface, typically at a pole or the equator. Can be combined with any of
the other three such as equal area, equidistant.
compromise projection - ANSA projection that does not have equal area, conformal, or
equidistant characteristics, but rather seeks to minimize and balance distortion overall. Such as
the Robinson projection. Very visually pleasant.
What is geographic dimension? - ANSDetermining what type of features are involved. Lines,
points?
What is the difference between hue and value? - ANSHue is the color while value is how light or
dark it is.
What is logical consistency in map making? - ANSRefers to the relationships between data
items and whether or not the relationships make sense.
What are some other aspects of map design? - ANSBalance, hierarchy, contrast
What are qualities of map accuracy? - ANSPositional accuracy, attribute accuracy, resolution,
logical consistency, currency, completeness.
What is oblique typography? - ANSUses sloping text, but is less slanted than italic.
What does weight mean in topography? - ANSThickness of lines (bold).
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