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COMD 5070 FINAL EXAM
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COMD 5070 FINAL EXAM
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COMD 5070 FINAL EXAM4 features of the scientific method - answer- Empirical: based on data
Deterministic: Obeys physical laws, things are not random
Predictive
Parsimonious: Use simplest explanation but no simpler
How many semitones in an octave? - answer- 12
What is the Nyquist frequency? - answer- Half the sample rate
The highest frequency the recording is able to reproduce
High pass filter - answer- Allows high frequencies through
Low pass filter - answer- Allows low frequencies through
Band pass filter - answer- Allows a band of frequencies through - holds back higher and
lower frequencies
Band reject filter - answer- Holds back a band of frequencies - allows high and low
frequencies through
What is the Fourier theorem? - answer- All periodic sounds are made of a combination
of sine waves. Amplitudes, phase angles and frequencies all vary
What does a Fourier transform create? - answer- A spectrum from the time domain
waveform
What is the x-axis on a time-domain waveform? - answer- Time
What is the y-axis on a time-domain waveform? - answer- Amplitude
What is the x-axis on a frequency-domain line spectrum? - answer- Frequency
What is the y-axis on a frequency-domain line spectrum? - answer- Amplitude
What is the x-axis on a 3D spectrogram? - answer- Time
What is the y-axis on a 3D spectrogram? - answer- Frequency
What does darkness represent on a 3D spectrogram? - answer- Intensity
What is a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)? - answer- Revealing of source.
Shows harmonic energy and range of harmonics in the sound.
What is Linear Predictive Coding (LPC) - answer- Revealing of filter.
, Shows spectral envelope and where the resonant frequencies are.
What does a line spectrum show? - answer- A snapshot in time
What does a spectrogram show? - answer- Speech over time
Electromyography (EMG) - answer- Reveals muscle activation
Uncomfortable, even painful for the velum
Intramuscular electrodes used for - answer- Fine detail
Surface electrodes used for - answer- Overall activity measures of larger muscles
EMG signal processing techniques - answer- Rectification - all neg. values made pos.
so that we can do further signal processing averaging based on all positive units, rather
than letting the negative ones cancel them out
Smoothing - low pass filter
Averaging - across repetitions of the same behavior
Palatometer - answer- has to do with the sounds that entail the contact of the tongue
with the palate. This is true of several of the vowels and many of the consonants.
Sounds that won't be visible with a palatometer - answer- Sounds like /h/, /m/, /a/, and
several others don't require tongue contact
Limitations of the palatometer - answer- Device only shows tongue contact patterns,
motor equivalence (articulators can make similar sounds)
Magnetic tracking (articulator movements) - answer- strong permanent magnet
sensitive electronic field detectors
attach magnet to teeth
track jaw movements in 3-D space
recent experiments with tongue tracking
Bilingual speakers - slower tongue movements when speaking English
Articulograph (articulator movements) - answer- uses several electromagnetic signals
instead of a single permanent magnet
each transmitter has its own frequency
multiple channels possible
-tracks a dozen or more sensors
-allows reference points for stability
wires to each sensor that stick out the corner of the mouth
-some articulatory interference
Optical movement detection (articulator movements) - answer- attach LEDs to face
reference markers on nose, forehead
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