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Hondros NUR 205 Exam 3 Answered Correctly –Latest Version 2024/2025

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Hondros NUR 205 Exam 3 Answered Correctly –Latest
Version 2024/2025

Impaired urinary elimination - ANSWER 1. Anuria (absence of urine)
2. Dysuria ( painful urnination)
3. Polyuria ( multiple episodes of urinating-diabetes)
4. Urinary frequency (multiple episodes w/ little urine produced in a short time)
5. Urinary hesitancy (the urge to urinate exists, but pt having hard time starting the
stream)

3 processes of urine formation - ANSWER 1. glomerular filtration
2. tubular reabsorption
3. tubular secretion

Glomerular filtration - ANSWER The first step in urine formation in which
substances in blood pass through the filtration membrane and the filtrate enters the
proximal convoluted tubule of the nephron.

Tubular reabsorption - ANSWER Process of reabsorbing water and electrolytes
back into the blood

Tubular secretion - ANSWER selectively moves substances from blood to filtrate in
renal tubules and collecting ducts

Urinary incontinence
1. Stress - ANSWER Leakage of small amounts of urine during physical movement
- ie. coughing, sneezing, exercising.

Urinary incontinence
2. Urge - ANSWER leakage of small amounts of urine at UNEXPECTED times - ie.
during sleep

Urinary incontinence
3. Functional - ANSWER Untimely urination because of physical disability, external
obstacles, or cognitive problems that prevent from reaching the toilet.

Urinary incontinence
4. Overflow - ANSWER Unexpected leakage of small amounts of urine due to full
bladder

Urinary incontinence

,5. Transient - ANSWER Leakage that occurs temporarily because of a situation
that will pass - ie. UTI, infection, pregnancy, cold with coughing.

Urinary incontinence
6. Reflex - ANSWER Involuntary loss of urine occurring at predictable intervals
when patient reaches bladder volume - ie. spinal cord damage, loss of urge to void.

Nursing interventions for constipation - ANSWER Sitting in chair, walking
Increase fluids, and fiber

Elimination discomfort exemplars - ANSWER Anal fissure
anorectal abscess
hemorrhoids
interstitial cystitis
pilonidal cyst
urolithiasis

Elimination infection and inflammation exemplars - ANSWER GI:
Infection-- C. Diff
Inflammation--IBD, UC, Crohns

Urinary:
Infection--UTI, kidney infection, pyelonephritis, kidney stones

Colorectal risk factors - ANSWER Over age 50
Race - African American have highest rates
Diet - intake of animal fats and red meat

Type 1 diabetes - ANSWER -no insulin is produced
-usually diagnosed in childhood
-cells are starved of glucose since there is no insulin to bring into the cells
-cells break down protein and fat into energy causing ketones to build up - acidosis

Type 1 signs and symptoms - ANSWER *abrupt!*
Polyuria
polydipsia
polyphagia

Type 1 treatment - ANSWER Insulin only.

oral agents will not work

DKA patho - ANSWER *abrupt*
1. not enough insulin
2. blood sugar becomes VERY high
3. cells break down protein and fat into energy
4. ketones build up---acidosis

DKA signs and symptoms - ANSWER Ketosis and acidosis
fruity breath

, hyperglycemia
dehydration
kussmaul respiration--trying to blow off CO2

DKA treatment - ANSWER IV insulin
Fluid replacement
Correction of fluid/electrolyte imbalances

Type 2 diabetes - ANSWER Does not produce enough insulin or produces bad
insulin that does not work properly.

onset usually as an adult

Type 2 signs and symptoms - ANSWER Polyuria
Polydipsia
Polyphagia

Type 2 treatment - ANSWER Diet and exercise
oral hypoglycemia agents--metformin
sometimes insulin

HHS (Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State) patho - ANSWER *gradual onset*

No acidosis present
High amount of glucose in the blood

HHS (Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State) signs and symptoms - ANSWER
Hyperglycemia

HHS (Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State) Treatment - ANSWER Fluid
replacement
Correction of electrolyte imbalances
Possible insulin administration

How do the kidneys compensate? - ANSWER Excreting excess acid and bicarb
(HCO3)
OR
Retaining hydrogen and bicarb (HCO3)

How do the lungs compensate? - ANSWER Hyperventilating = decreased CO2 =
alkalosis

Hypoventilating = increased CO2 = Acidosis

Respiratory Acidosis patho - ANSWER *Lung problem, kidneys compensate*

-The lungs are retaining too much CO2
-The kidneys excrete hydrogen and retain bicarb

Respiratory Acidosis causes - ANSWER Retaining CO2 "depress" breathing

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