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ASU HLTH 1020 Health Anatomy Week 4 Lecture Notes and Tutorials (Leg Ankle and Foot) University of South Australia
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Notes for Week 4 of 'Human Anatomy 100' (SP2, )
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ASU HLTH 1020 Health AnatomyWeek 4 Lecture Notes and Tutorials
(Leg Ankle and Foot) University of
South Australia
,HLTH 1020 WEEK 4 LECTURE 1 – Bones and Anterior Compartment
Muscles of the Leg
- “Leg refers to the part of the lower limb below the knee”
- Tibiofibular joint: proximal
o Synovial, plane joint
▪ “fairly flat so it’s a plane joint in shape”
o Only takes 10% weight from femur as it goes through fibula
▪ “most of the weight goes through the tibia bone (the larger more medial bone)”
o Movement occurs in form of ‘gliding’ when ankle moves
▪ “when you invert and evert the ankle, it may slide slightly, but it’s stable in terms
of having tibiofibular ligaments in front and behind, and a joint capsule”
- Tibiofibular joint: distal
o Interosseus membrane
▪ Inter = between
▪ Osse = bone
▪ Located between the two tibiofibular joints (proximal and distal synovial joints)
▪ Interosseus membrane divides leg into anterior and posterior portions
• Compartment contains muscles
o Distal tibiofibular joint located just above ankle
- COMPARTMENTS
o IMAGE: Anterior right leg (cut in transverse plane)
o Blood Vessels of the Leg
▪ Femoral artery = major and largest blood vessel
• Comes through inguinal ligament (previously called ‘external iliac artery’)
• “[the femoral artery] passes through anterior compartment of muscles,
then travels medially toward knee and through a gap made by adductor
magnus, becoming posterior to knee. Once posterior to knee, it becomes
the popliteal artery (accompanied by a popliteal vein), which courses past
knee joint and divides.”
o Pass through popliteal fossa (transition zone)
▪ “[transitional zones] are where sometimes nerves, sometimes
arteries, sometimes veins, sometimes tendons (or all of these
structures) pass by a joint safety. The joint can move without
the structures getting squashed”
▪ Boundaries of popliteal fossa
• Semimembranosus and biceps femoris
o forms ‘diamond shape’
• Distal boarders = gastrocnemius (calf muscle), has
medial part and lateral part
o ANTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERY
▪ Travels towards anterior of leg into front compartment
(through gap in interosseus membrane)
▪ Travels to ANTERIOR compartment
o POSTERIOR TIBIA ARTERY
▪ Travels to POSTERIOR compartment, which houses:
, o Biceps femoris,
o Semimembranosus (deeper), and
o Semitendinosus (more superficial)
• FOUR parts of posterior compartment
o Fibula artery
▪ Slightly smaller; comparatively lateral
▪ Travels to LATERAL/FIBULA [type] compartment
o Nerves
▪ Sciatic nerve
• Originates from sciatic notch (made into a foramen by ligament between
sacrum and ischial spine, becoming the sciatic foramen)
o Passes through hamstring muscles, divides into two branches:
▪ Tibial nerve
▪ Common fibula nerve (laterally) – divides further into:
• Superficial fibula nerve (passes through lateral
compartment of leg)
• Deep fibula nerve
▪ Tibial and fibula nerves (+ Popliteal artery & popliteal vein)
pass through popliteal fossa
o Therefore the nerve, arteries and veins pass into legs from thigh to leg, posteriorly
- Compartments of the leg (anterior)
o Actions: Dorsally flex ankle and extend toes
o Innervated by the deep fibular nerve (L4-S1)
- Four MUSCLES of anterior compartment
▪ “The muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg are a group of four muscles
that act to DORSIFLEX and INVERT the foot. These muscles are collectively
innervated by the deep fibular nerve (L4-S1). The arterial supply is through the
anterior tibial artery.”
o TIBIALIS ANTERIOR
• “TOM” of ‘Tom, Dick, and Harry’
• “The tibialis anterior muscle is located alongside the lateral surface of the
tibia. It is the strongest dorsiflexor of the foot.”
▪ ORIGIN: Tibia (lateral surface), interosseus membrane
▪ INSERTION: Medial cuneiform, 1st metatarsal
• “… attaches to the medial cuneiform and the base of metatarsal I.”
▪ ACTION: Dorsiflex ankle & invert foot
▪ NERVE: Deep fibular nerve
o EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS
• “DICK” of ‘Tom, Dick, and Harry’
• “The extensor digitorum longus lies laterally and deep to the tibialis
anterior. Its four tendons can be palpated on the dorsal surface of the
foot.”
▪ ORIGIN: Tibia – lateral, Fibula – superior medial, Interosseus membrane
• “Originates from the lateral condyle of the tibia and the medial surface of
the fibula.”
▪ INSERTION: Toes 2-5
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