Exam (elaborations)
ASU HLTH 1020 Health Anatomy Week 9 Lecture Notes and Tutorials (Spine) University of South Australia
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Notes for Week 9 of 'Human Anatomy 100' (SP2, )
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ASU HLTH 1020 Health AnatomyWeek 9 Lecture Notes and
Tutorials (Spine) University of
South Australia
,HLTH 1020 WEEK 9 ‘Need to Know’
These questions about the spine are preparation for the viva:
- What are the regions of the spine?
Region; Number of vertebrae Characteristics of vertebrae
Describe curve of spinal column
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral/Coccygeal
- Describe the joints between the vertebrae. Please give 3 points about each.
o Facet joints
o Fibrocartilaginous joints
- Describe the vertebrae. What is the body, the arch, the transverse and spinous processes?
What part of the vertebrae make the vertebral canal?
- How and where do spinal nerves travel between the spinal cord and the periphery?
- How are spinal nerves named?
- What are the anterior rami?
- What are the posterior rami?
- What are the meninges and where are they found?
- What are the erector spinae? Where are each of the three parts? What do they do? How are
they innervated? Accurately locate them on another person.
- What are the abdominal muscles? Where are each of the 4 muscles? What do they do? How
are they innervated? Accurately locate them on yourself.
HLTH 1020 WEEK 9 LECTURE 1 – Spine Bones
- THE SPINE / VERTEBRAL COLUMN
o Vertebrae
▪ 7 CERVICAL
• “Cervical: pertained to in your neck.”
• Responsible for:
o Neck muscles
o Diaphragm
o Deltoid (shoulder)
o Wrist
o Triceps
o Hand
, • “There are only 7 cervical vertebrae but 8 cervical nerves because cervical
nerve 1 (C1) comes out rostral to the first cervical vertebra and cervical nerve 8
(C8) comes out caudal to the seventh cervical vertebra.”
▪ 12 THORACIC
• “Thoracic: in your chest.”
• Responsible for:
o Intercostals
o Abdominals
o Ejaculation
▪ 5 LUMBAR
• “Lumbar: in your lower back.”
• Responsible for:
o Hips
o Quadriceps
o Hamstrings – knee
o Foot
▪ 5 SACRAL (FUSED)
• Responsible for:
o Penile erection
o Bowel and bladder
▪ 4 COCCYGEAL (FUSED)
• “Some people have 2 or 3.”
- FUNCTIONS of Spine
o Supports body weight
▪ “You cannot have the weight of your body transferred from your organs, even
through your muscles. The vertebral column is what bears our body weight.”
o Transmit forces through pelvis to lower limbs
o Carry and position head
o [Provides a] brace and helps manoeuvre upper limbs
▪ “For example, several muscles (e.g. rhomboids and trapezius) originate on the
vertebrae which stabilise the scapula.”
o Protect spinal cord
▪ “Vertebral column forms a continuous cage.”
- SPINAL CURVE DEVELOPMENT
o Normal curves:
▪ At 2 foetal months
• When born – ‘two curves’ in vertebral column
o “C-shape includes the sacrum & coccyx curling forward, and the thorax
curling forward.”
• ‘Babies can't stretch out fully in utero’
▪ At 6 foetal months
• Start to get cervical curves
o Allows lifting of head
▪ At newborn
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