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FAD 3220 - exam 1 with correct answer
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FAD 3220 - exam 1 with correct answer
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FAD 3220 - exam 1 with correct answer· Lifespan Dev - Answer -o The field of study that explains patterns of growth, change
and stability in behavior that occur throughout the entire lifespan
§ It's the study of ways we stay the same and change over time
§ Specialist in this field ask what areas people change and when there is consistency
and continuity
continuous - Answer -o Heritability nor environmentalone can account got the full range
of human development
§ Applies scientific method to the study of human development
o Physical development - Answer -§ involves the bodies physical makeup—brain,
nervous system, muscles, senses.
cognitive development - Answer -§ involves intellectual capacities that influence a
person's behavior.
personality develeopment - Answer -§ involves the ways that enduring characteristics
that differentiate one person from another
social development - Answer -§ involves the way in which individuals' interactions with
others grow, change, and remain stable
cohort - Answer -o A group of people around the same time in the same place
age-grade - Answer -o Biological and environmental influences that are similar for
individuals in a particular age group, regardless of when or where they are raised
§ Puberty and menopause
sociocultural influence - Answer -o The social and cultural factors present at a particular
time for a particular individual, depending on such variables as ethnicity, social class,
and subcultural membership
§ White and affluent VS minority group
§ Impoverished
nonnormative life event - Answer -o specific, atypical events that occur in a particular
person's life at a time when such events do not happen to most people.
§ For example, a child whose parents die in an automobile accident when she is 6 has
experienced a significant non-normative life event
,continuous chnage - Answer -§ gradual development in which achievements at one
level build on those of previous levels
discontinueous chnage - Answer -§ steps or stages, with each stage bringing about
behavior that is assumed to be qualitatively different from behavior at previous stages
critical period - Answer -o a specific time during development when a particular event
has its greatest consequences and the presence of certain kinds of environmental
stimuli are necessary for development to proceed normally
Attachment and bonding important to nurture babies
§ Argue that environmental influences likely produce permanent changes
§ Study children in orphanages who don't have attachment their emotional development
may be forever altered.
sensative period - Answer -o a point in development when organisms are particularly
susceptible to certain kinds of stimuli in their environments, but the absence of those
stimuli does not always produce irreversible consequences
§ sensitive to language from 3-7. We can still learn after that, but process less efficient
psychodynamic persoective - Answer -§ the approach that states behavior is motivated
by inner forces, memories, and conflicts that are generally beyond people's awareness
and control
- · approach emphasizes emotions, motivational conflicts, and unconscious
determinants of behavior.
behvaioral persoective - Answer -§ The approach that suggests that the keys to
understanding development are observable behavior and outside stimuli in the
environment
- · emphasize overt behavior, paying far more attention to what people do than to what
goes on inside their heads, which is deemed largely irrelevant
cognitive persoective - who thought of it - Answer -§ The approach that focuses on the
processes that allow people to know, understand, and think about the world
piaget
cognitive and humanistic theory of perspctive - Answer -· quite the opposite tack,
looking more at what people think than at what they do.
evolutionary perspective - Answer -· focuses on how inherited biological factors underlie
development.
operant conditioning - who did it , what study and what is it - Answer -- BF skinner
A form of learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or weakened by its
association with positive or negative consequences
, · Conducted on lab rats teaching reinforcement and that if u hit a button it will release a
treat to teach them to hit to lever
reinforcment - Answer -§ The process by which behavior is followed by a stimulus that
increases the probability that the behavior will be repeated.
what did freu do and what theory - Answer -- psychoanalytic theory
· ID(impulsive) Ego (what's shown) super ego (your good side)
o your unconscious mind
· Psychosexual development
o Oral, anal, phallic, genital
erikson and what theory - Answer -§ Psychosocial theory
· 8 stages of development
· Stages made for crisis/ conflict to be resolved
o rust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. shame and doubt, initiative vs. guilt, industry vs.
inferiority, identity vs. role diffusion, intimacy vs. isolation, generativity vs. stagnation,
ego-integrity vs. despair
John B watson and what did he do
what theory too - Answer -· Classical conditioning
o A type of learning in which an organism responds in a particular way to a neutral
stimulus that normally does not bring about that type of response
§ Pavlov's dogs
· Salivating when you see food - associations with objects
behvaiorl
what did skinner do - Answer -· A form of learning in which a voluntary response is
strengthened or weakened by its association with positive or negative consequences
o Conducted on lab rats teaching reinforcement and that if u hit a button it will release a
treat to teach them to hit to lever
what did albert bandura do - Answer -· Studying observable behavior and environmental
stimuli
· The kids more abusive when they see videos and stuff of violence
assimilation - Answer -process in which people understand an experience in terms of
current stage of cognitive development and way of thinking
accommodation - Answer -changes in existing ways of thinking in response to
encounters with new stimuli or events
humanistic - Answer -o maintains that individuals have the ability and motivation to
reach advanced levels of maturity and that people naturally seek to reach their full
potential
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