,What are the four phases of pharmacokinetics? - Answer: - Absorption, distribution, metabolism,
excretion
Bioavailability - Answer: The extent of drug that becomes available to the body after absorption
"Free Drug" - Answer: - The drug that is not bound to protein that is free to exert a therapeutic effect
Nicotine is a? What (3) effects does it have? - Answer: - A CYP 450 inducer
- Increase metabolism of drug and result in decreased effects and shortened half-life
Grapefruit Juice is a? What (3) effects does it have? - Answer: - A CYP 450 Inhibitor
- Decreased metabolism
- Drug toxicity
- Shorted half life
Kidneys - Answer: The main organs responsible for drug excretion
Half-life - Answer: The time required for one half of the drug to be removed from the body
Peak Effect - Answer: The time taken for the drug to reach maximum therapeutic response
Peak Level - Answer: - The highest concentration of drug in blood
Drug Polymorphism - Answer: The effect of a patient's age, gender, size, body composition and other
characteristics on the pharmacokinetics of a specific drug
Drug Polymorphism can be categorized into what (3) different factors. - Answer: 1. Environmental (diet
& nutritional status)
2. Cultural
3. Genetic factors
,How can high-fat diets affect absorption? How can malnutrition affect absorption? - Answer: - High Fat
Diets = increased absorption of many drugs
- Malnutrition = alter the ability to absorb or eliminate medication
Drugs like Heroin and LSD are considered category ____? - Answer: - Category I
The normal range for albumin is _____ - _____ grams/dL - Answer: - 4-6 grams/dl
If the gastric pH level is high, this means the stomach is more _______ than normal. - Answer: - Alkaline
Prodrug - Answer: - A drug that is converted from an inactive form into an active metabolite through
biotransformation in the liver
Paradoxical Reaction - Answer: - The opposite reaction than what is expected with the specific drug
The three names for Medications? - Answer: - Chemical, trade and generic
Chemical name of a drug refers to? - Answer: - The chemical structure
Trade name / brand name of a medication - Answer: - proprietary name
- more expensive than generic
- Shorter, easier name
Generic Medication - Answer: - Most commonly used
- most prescriptions are
Pharmacokinetics of Oral Medications (4 steps) - Answer: 1. Drug is ingested
, 2. Disintegrated
3. Forms a dissolution
4. Absorption can occur
What is absorption? - Answer: - The movement of a drug from its site of administration into the
bloodstream for distributions to tissues
A drug that is absorbed through the intestines must ______ pass through the _______ before it reaches
the ________ circulation. - Answer: - A drug that is absorbed through the intestines must first pass
through the liver before it reaches the systemic circulation
High first-pass effect - Answer: - A large portion is changed into an inactive metabolite
Which routes of medication administration would be impacted by first pass effect? - Answer: - Anything
GI related can have first pass effect
- Oral and Rectal administration
Which routes will not be impacted by first-pass effect? - Answer: - Parenteral and topical
What are the (3) basic routes of medication administration? - Answer: - Enteral, Parenteral, and topical
What is enteral route of medication administration? - Answer: - Is absorbed through the GI mucosa
What is parenteral route of medication administration? What does it normally refer to? - Answer: - The
fastest route
- Any route other than the GI tract
- Normally refers to injection
-
Would the dose of medication for an oral tablet be the same as intravenous injection of the same
medication? Why or Why Not? Which will have a larger dose? - Answer: - No
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller YourExamplug. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $13.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
