WOCN QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
onychorrhexis - right ans----narrow parallel grooves from the nail base to free nail
border
trright ans--verse lines (Beau's Lines) - right ans----usually caused by systemic disease
resulting in temporary interruption of nail production
onychoschizia - right ans----splitting of the nail plate into layers. Distal splitting usually
relate to overhydration, aging, exposure to chemicals
clubbing - right ans----excess curvature of nail from front to back and side to side
usually due to chronic hypoxiz
koilonychia - right ans----spoon-shaped nails (nail is adherent to nail bed but the free
edges of the nail curl up and away from the nail bed
trumpet or pincer nail - right ans----disorder in which the edges of the nail plate curl
around and compress the underlying skin to form the shape of a trumpet or cone at the
free edge
tile-shaped nails or c-shaped nails - right ans----nails that curve down at edges, usually
symmetrical. severe c-shaped nails increase the risk of ingrown nails
plicatured nails - right ans----one or both sides of the nail curve downward into the soft
tissue of the surrounding nail folds, resulting in ingrown nails
pterygium - right ans----abnormal adherence of eponychium or hyponychium to nail
callous of hyponychium - right ans----callus formation that obscures the free nail border,
usually due to poorly fitting footwear causing repetitive friction
splinter hemorrhages - right ans----bleeding that occurs between the nail bed and the
nail plate as a result of trauma to the wound bed. No treatment is required; it will grow
out
subungual hematoma - right ans----clot that forms between the nail bed and the nail
plate due to trauma. May cause severe pain, which is relieved by drainage of the
hematoma
,onychomadesis - right ans----separation of the nail plate from the underlying nail matrix
at the proximal end of the nail. usually due to local injury or infection or to severe illness.
onycholysis - right ans----separation of the nail from the nail bed beginning at the distal
end of the nail. may be caused by shoe trauma and most likely to be caused by fungal
infection
onychomycosis (tinea unguium) - right ans----fungal infection of the nail; usually begins
along the nail margins and under the free border.
leukonychia mycotica - right ans----fungal infection of the superficial nail plate; usually
causes white discoloration of the nail
fungal infection treatment - right ans----Vicks Vaporub or other menthol product, Clear
Nails, Tea Tree Oil, or Fungoid Tincture
paronychia - right ans----inflammation of the nail fold from trauma such as ingrown nails.
Acute causes purulent drainage and chronic has no purulence.
onychocryptosis - right ans----ingrown nail
subungual keratoma - right ans----buildup of calloused tissue under the nail plate, most
commonly due to shoes that fit poorly but also seen with thickened nails and ingrown
nails. Must remove the callus with scalpel to relieve the pressure.
subungual melanoma - right ans----malignancy involving the nail. may present as a
brown or black band or spot in the nail itself or spreading from under the nail to the
surrounding skin
calcaneus - right ans----heel bone
distal interphalangeal joint - right ans----joint between middle and distal phalanges
eponychium - right ans----Living skin at the base of the natural nail plate that covers the
matrix area (cuticle)
free nail border - right ans----top edge of nail plate where it separates from the nail bed
Hyponychium - right ans----border between distal nail place and the underlying nail bed
malleolus - right ans----the rounded bony protuberance on each side of the ankle
Metatarsals - right ans----foot bones
metatarsophalangeal joint - right ans----articulation between a metatarsal bone of the
foot and the proximal phalanx bone of a toe
, nail bed - right ans----layer of epithelium that interlocks with nail plate to promote tight
adherence between nail bed and overlying nail plate
nail folds - right ans----Folds of normal skin that surround the natural nail plate
Nail grooves - right ans----Slits or grooves on the sides of the nail that allow growth
nail matrix - right ans----reproductive area of nail which extends 8mm proximal to cuticle
to distal edge of the lunula. the nail bed begins where the nail matrix ends
lunula - right ans----The crescent-shaped area at the base of the human fingernail.
nail plate - right ans----overlapping layers of keratinized cells; contains 3 layers
paronychium - right ans----soft tissue surrounding the nail border
phalanges - right ans----bones of the fingers and toes
proximal interphalangeal joint - right ans----Joint between the two most proximal
phalanges
ray - right ans----phalange plus the foot bone to which it attaches
Talus - right ans----ankle bone
corn - right ans----hyperkeratotcs lesions typically found on toes, composed of rotective
layers of dead skin cells that are compacted by repeated friction and pressure
callus - right ans----hyperkeratotic lesions usually found on plantar surface of foot,
caused by repeated friction and pressure
Charcot's neuroarthropathy - right ans----serious condition resulting from breakdown of
the foot and ankle bones and joints and results in loss of normal foot architecture ,
"rocker bottom"
fissure - right ans----a linear crack in the skin
hallux valgus (bunion) - right ans----misaligned great toe joint. First joint of the large
metatarsal deviates outward and great toe deviates toward the other toes
hammer toes/claw toes - right ans----flexion contractures of the PIP and DIP joints;
common with motor neuropathy
onychatrophia - right ans----atrophy of the nails resulting in softer thinner nails or
possibly total nail loss
ANSWERS
onychorrhexis - right ans----narrow parallel grooves from the nail base to free nail
border
trright ans--verse lines (Beau's Lines) - right ans----usually caused by systemic disease
resulting in temporary interruption of nail production
onychoschizia - right ans----splitting of the nail plate into layers. Distal splitting usually
relate to overhydration, aging, exposure to chemicals
clubbing - right ans----excess curvature of nail from front to back and side to side
usually due to chronic hypoxiz
koilonychia - right ans----spoon-shaped nails (nail is adherent to nail bed but the free
edges of the nail curl up and away from the nail bed
trumpet or pincer nail - right ans----disorder in which the edges of the nail plate curl
around and compress the underlying skin to form the shape of a trumpet or cone at the
free edge
tile-shaped nails or c-shaped nails - right ans----nails that curve down at edges, usually
symmetrical. severe c-shaped nails increase the risk of ingrown nails
plicatured nails - right ans----one or both sides of the nail curve downward into the soft
tissue of the surrounding nail folds, resulting in ingrown nails
pterygium - right ans----abnormal adherence of eponychium or hyponychium to nail
callous of hyponychium - right ans----callus formation that obscures the free nail border,
usually due to poorly fitting footwear causing repetitive friction
splinter hemorrhages - right ans----bleeding that occurs between the nail bed and the
nail plate as a result of trauma to the wound bed. No treatment is required; it will grow
out
subungual hematoma - right ans----clot that forms between the nail bed and the nail
plate due to trauma. May cause severe pain, which is relieved by drainage of the
hematoma
,onychomadesis - right ans----separation of the nail plate from the underlying nail matrix
at the proximal end of the nail. usually due to local injury or infection or to severe illness.
onycholysis - right ans----separation of the nail from the nail bed beginning at the distal
end of the nail. may be caused by shoe trauma and most likely to be caused by fungal
infection
onychomycosis (tinea unguium) - right ans----fungal infection of the nail; usually begins
along the nail margins and under the free border.
leukonychia mycotica - right ans----fungal infection of the superficial nail plate; usually
causes white discoloration of the nail
fungal infection treatment - right ans----Vicks Vaporub or other menthol product, Clear
Nails, Tea Tree Oil, or Fungoid Tincture
paronychia - right ans----inflammation of the nail fold from trauma such as ingrown nails.
Acute causes purulent drainage and chronic has no purulence.
onychocryptosis - right ans----ingrown nail
subungual keratoma - right ans----buildup of calloused tissue under the nail plate, most
commonly due to shoes that fit poorly but also seen with thickened nails and ingrown
nails. Must remove the callus with scalpel to relieve the pressure.
subungual melanoma - right ans----malignancy involving the nail. may present as a
brown or black band or spot in the nail itself or spreading from under the nail to the
surrounding skin
calcaneus - right ans----heel bone
distal interphalangeal joint - right ans----joint between middle and distal phalanges
eponychium - right ans----Living skin at the base of the natural nail plate that covers the
matrix area (cuticle)
free nail border - right ans----top edge of nail plate where it separates from the nail bed
Hyponychium - right ans----border between distal nail place and the underlying nail bed
malleolus - right ans----the rounded bony protuberance on each side of the ankle
Metatarsals - right ans----foot bones
metatarsophalangeal joint - right ans----articulation between a metatarsal bone of the
foot and the proximal phalanx bone of a toe
, nail bed - right ans----layer of epithelium that interlocks with nail plate to promote tight
adherence between nail bed and overlying nail plate
nail folds - right ans----Folds of normal skin that surround the natural nail plate
Nail grooves - right ans----Slits or grooves on the sides of the nail that allow growth
nail matrix - right ans----reproductive area of nail which extends 8mm proximal to cuticle
to distal edge of the lunula. the nail bed begins where the nail matrix ends
lunula - right ans----The crescent-shaped area at the base of the human fingernail.
nail plate - right ans----overlapping layers of keratinized cells; contains 3 layers
paronychium - right ans----soft tissue surrounding the nail border
phalanges - right ans----bones of the fingers and toes
proximal interphalangeal joint - right ans----Joint between the two most proximal
phalanges
ray - right ans----phalange plus the foot bone to which it attaches
Talus - right ans----ankle bone
corn - right ans----hyperkeratotcs lesions typically found on toes, composed of rotective
layers of dead skin cells that are compacted by repeated friction and pressure
callus - right ans----hyperkeratotic lesions usually found on plantar surface of foot,
caused by repeated friction and pressure
Charcot's neuroarthropathy - right ans----serious condition resulting from breakdown of
the foot and ankle bones and joints and results in loss of normal foot architecture ,
"rocker bottom"
fissure - right ans----a linear crack in the skin
hallux valgus (bunion) - right ans----misaligned great toe joint. First joint of the large
metatarsal deviates outward and great toe deviates toward the other toes
hammer toes/claw toes - right ans----flexion contractures of the PIP and DIP joints;
common with motor neuropathy
onychatrophia - right ans----atrophy of the nails resulting in softer thinner nails or
possibly total nail loss
