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Probability and Statistics Comprehensive Exam Questions And Complete Detailed Answers 100% Verified.
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Uses of statistics - correct answer -Used to organize and summarize information -Used to determine exactly what conclusions are justified based on the results that were obtained Statistics: - correct answer ...

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  • August 10, 2024
  • 19
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

Subjects

  • probability and statistics

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  • B LAW 3391
  • B LAW 3391

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Probability and Statistics

Uses of statistics - correct answer -Used to organize and summarize
information

-Used to determine exactly what conclusions are justified based on the results that were obtained



Statistics: - correct answer set of mathematical procedures for organizing,
summarizing and interpreting information



Goals of statistical procedure - correct answer Accurate and meaningful
interpretation



Population - correct answer the set of all the individuals of interest in a
particular study

-always identified by the researcher



Sample - correct answer -a set of individuals selected from a population,
usually intended to represent the population in a research study.



Variable - correct answer a characteristic or condition that changes or has
different values for different individuals.

-height, weight, gender, or personaility

can me environmental conditions-temp, time of day, size of the room



Data - correct answer Measurements or observations of a variable



Data set- - correct answer a collection of measurements or observations



Datum - correct answer a single measurement or observation

-commonly called a a score or raw score

,Parameter - correct answer -A value, usually a numerical value, that describes
a population.

-Derived from measurements of
the individuals in
the population



Statistic - correct answer -A value, usually a numerical value, that describes a
sample

-Derived from measurements of
the individuals in
the sample



Descriptive Statistics - correct answer -Summarize data

-Organize data

-Simplify data

-summarizes a set of scores by computing an average

Examples- Tables, graphs, averages



Inferential statistics - correct answer Study samples to make generalizations
about the population



Sampling error - correct answer -Sample is never identical to population



-The discrepancy, or amount of error, that
exists between a sample statistic and the corresponding population parameter



Goal of Experimental method - correct answer To demonstrate a cause-and-
effect relationship



Manipulation - correct answer The level of one variable is determined by the
experimenter

, -The reacher manipulates one variable by changing its value from one level to another

-second variable is observed to determine whether the manipulation causes changes to occur



Control - correct answer -rules out influence of other variables

-exercise control over the research situation to ensure that other, extraneous variables do not influence
the relationship being examined

-Participant variables

-Environmental variables



Independent Variable - correct answer -variable manipulated by the
researcher

-is the Independent because no other variable in the study influences its value



Dependent variable - correct answer is the one observed to assess the effect
of treatment

-Dependent because its value is thought to depend on the value of the independent variable



Correlational Research - correct answer Inferential/Descriptive Statistic (r)

-Describes strength of linear relation between two variables

-Strength of relation = degree of association

-Properties of r

-Ranges between -1 and 1 inclusive

-Sign (+ or -) gives direction of relation

Disadvantages:

correlation does not indicate causation

Advantages: study variables that are not easily produced in the laboratory



Constructs - correct answer -Internal attributes or characteristics that cannot
be directly observed

- Useful for describing and explaining behavior

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