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Anatomy & Physiology 1 (SCF) Questions and answers
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Cell Shapes - 1) Squamous 2) Cuboidal 3) Columnar 4) Transitional atoms - the smalles units of matter (made of subatomic particles- * protons (+) * neutrons (neutral) * electrons (-) physiology - study of functions of anatomical structures cytology - study of cells &their functions histolog...

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  • August 10, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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Anatomy & Physiology 1 (SCF)
Cell Shapes - 1) Squamous 2) Cuboidal

3) Columnar 4) Transitional



atoms - the smalles units of matter (made of subatomic particles-

* protons (+)

* neutrons (neutral)

* electrons (-)



physiology - study of functions of anatomical structures



cytology - study of cells &their functions



histology - study of tissues & their structures



microscopic anatomy - examines cells & molecules



Six levels of body organization - 1. chemical. 2. cellular. 3. tissues. 4. organs. 5. organ systems. 6.
organismal. (IN ORDER)




Cell - the smallest living unit of our body and it is made up of molecules



Tissues - a group of similar cells that work together.



The Organ Level - a group of different tissues working together - two or more tissue types

,The organism level - one living entity = an organism



Integumentary System - MAJOR ORGANS: skin, hair, nails, sweat glands

FUNCTION: protects, regulates body temp, sensory info



Skeletal System - MAJOR ORGANS: Bones, cartilages, assoc. ligaments, bone marrow

FUNCTIONS: support & protection 4 other tissues

Stores calcium & other minerals, form blood cells



Muscular System - ORGANS: skeletal muscles & assoc tendons

FUNCTIONS: movement, protection & support for other tissues, generate heat to maintain body temp



Nervous System - ORGANS: Brain, Spinal Cord, Peripheral Nerves, Sense organs

FUNCTIONS: Directs response to stimuli, moderates activities of other organ systems, provides &
interprets sensory info (CONTROL CENTER FOR WHOLE BODY)



Homeostasis - Balanced range - a stable internal environment



Autoregulation (intrinsic) - Automatic response in a cell, tissue or organ to some environmental
change

anatomy - describes structures of body...what they are made of & where located



Extrinsic Regulation - Responses controlled by nervous & endocrine systems



Control of Homeostasis (3 components) - 1) Receptor - monitors the environment & responds to
stimuli

2) Control Center - analyzes info & determines appropriate response

3) Effector - tissues/organs taht receive commands from the control center & carry it out.

, Negative Feedback - 99% of the time (opposite direction) response opposes or eliminates the
original stimulus. Most common.



Positive Feedback - The response enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus.ex: blood clotting
& contractions in child birth



Metabolism - All the chemical processes that occur in the body



Anabolism - to build up other chemicals (simple answer)

-synthesis of new molecules w/i the body's cells & tissues



Catabolism - to break down of molecules w/i the body



Intracellular fluid - Inside of cell



Extracellular fluid - Outside of cell



Matter - anything that occupies space & has mass




elements - made up of identical atoms



Trace elements - present in small quantities but are very important for normal functioning



Which element makes up most of our body? - Oxygen - ~65%



What kind of charge do atoms have? - Atoms are electrically neutral



ION - an atom with a charge (positive or negative) (gain or lose an e-)

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