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NUR1114 Exam Latest Update @2024-2025
epimysium - Answer connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle
joint cavity - Answer separates articulating bones at a synovial joint
Osteon - Answer structural unit of compact bone
plasma cells - Answer secrete antigen-specific antibodies
commensalism - Answer one partner benefits, the other is affected
pathogens - Answer microbes that can cause an infectious disease
chronic infection - Answer very slow or no clearance of a pathogen
NK cells - Answer destroy virus-infected and cancerous cells
hypersensitivity - Answer immune defences overreact to a harmless antigen
cellular respiration - Answer produces ATP
seminiferous tubule - Answer site of sperm production
hcG - Answer maintains corpus luteum
peristalsis - Answer a type of propulsion
ACTH - Answer stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete the hormone cortisol
GFR - Answer total volume of filtrate produced by kidneys per minute
Luteinizing hormone (LH) - Answer triggers ovulation
ADH - Answer inhibits diuresis
pancreas - Answer stimulates insulin and glucagon
Humoral stimulus - Answer hormones are secreted in response to changing levels of
certain ions or nutrients in the blood
adrenal medulla - Answer produces and secretes adrenalin and noradrenalin
nephron - Answer functional unit of kidney
pathway of urine - Answer calyces, pelvis and ureter
osmoreceptors - Answer detect changes of osmolarity in ECF
, Hypotonic hydration - Answer when water intake exceeds water output
6 digestive processes - Answer 1. ingestion
2. propulsion
3. mechanical digestion
4. chemical digestion
5. absorption
6. defecation
Functions of the kidneys - Answer -Regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance
-excretion of metabolic wastes & foreign substances
-regulation of pH
-maintanence of blood pressure
-regulation of EPO
-metabolic functions (activating vitD, gluconeogenesis)
Glucagon - Answer A hormone that is released when blood glucose is low
Gluconeogenesis - Answer production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources
Glucose sparing - Answer ATP used by neurons
Glycogenolysis - Answer breakdown of glycogen to glucose
(occurs in liver and skeletal muscle)
Glycogenesis - Answer glucose molecules joined to form glycogen
Glucose - Answer A simple sugar which is a component of many carbohydrates and an
important energy source
Glycolysis - Answer Breakdown of glucose
- the first step of cellular respiration (ie. lysing of the glucose molecule, making a
smaller molecule)
3 stages of urine formation - Answer glomerular filtration
tubular reabsorption
tubular secretion
Osteoblasts - Answer bone building cells (produce and secrete collagen fibres & ground
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