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samenvatting politiek en beleid - sociaal werk
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Samenvatting van 58 pagina's voor het vak politiek en beleid sociaal werk aan de politiek en beleid sociaal werk (14/20)
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POLITIEK EN BELEIDInhoudsopgave
DEEL 1 – Wat is politiek.................................................................................................................................. 4
Oorsprong van het begrip politiek........................................................................................................................4
Moreel streven..................................................................................................................................................4
Techniek om macht te verwerven.....................................................................................................................4
Organisatie van de samenleving.......................................................................................................................4
De aspect- en domeinbenadering.........................................................................................................................4
Aspectbenadering van politiek..........................................................................................................................4
Domeinbenadering............................................................................................................................................5
Het politiek systeem van Easton...........................................................................................................................5
Input..................................................................................................................................................................6
Poortwachter.....................................................................................................................................................6
Omzetting..........................................................................................................................................................6
Output...............................................................................................................................................................6
Rol sociaal werker.............................................................................................................................................6
Toepassing.........................................................................................................................................................7
Conclusie...........................................................................................................................................................8
Kernbegrippen in de politiek.......................................................................................................................... 8
conflict en samenwerking.....................................................................................................................................8
democratie............................................................................................................................................................9
Liberale parlementaire democratie..................................................................................................................9
Het volk..............................................................................................................................................................9
België, een pacificatiedemocratie...................................................................................................................10
Politieke participatie.......................................................................................................................................10
Actuele situatie................................................................................................................................................11
macht en invloed.................................................................................................................................................11
Aspecten van macht........................................................................................................................................12
Vormen van macht..........................................................................................................................................12
Machtsbronnen (vanwaar komt macht).........................................................................................................12
Structurele macht............................................................................................................................................13
Pluralisme........................................................................................................................................................13
Elites................................................................................................................................................................13
Elite vs pluralisme............................................................................................................................................14
politieke partijen en hun vertegenwoordigers....................................................................................................14
niveau 1...........................................................................................................................................................14
Niveau 2 – intern.............................................................................................................................................14
politieke socialisatie............................................................................................................................................15
,DEEL 3 – Politieke ideologieën in Vlaanderen...............................................................................................15
breuklijnen..........................................................................................................................................................15
De traditionele breuklijnen.............................................................................................................................15
NIEUWE BREUKLIJNEN....................................................................................................................................17
DOORKRUISENDE BREUKLIJNEN.....................................................................................................................17
VERZUILING.....................................................................................................................................................17
Ideologie..............................................................................................................................................................18
positionering van ideologieën.........................................................................................................................18
politieke ideologieën in vlaanderen....................................................................................................................19
3 grote ideologieën.........................................................................................................................................19
conservatisme.....................................................................................................................................................19
einde van de ideologieën................................................................................................................................20
liberalisme (filmpje kijken)..................................................................................................................................20
vrijheid............................................................................................................................................................20
pluralisme........................................................................................................................................................20
tolerantie.........................................................................................................................................................21
organisatie van de samenleving......................................................................................................................21
klassieke en moderne liberalen......................................................................................................................21
socialisme (filmpje kijken)...................................................................................................................................22
sociaire of hoe het socialisme verbindt..........................................................................................................22
collectiviteit.....................................................................................................................................................22
gelijkheid leidt tot vrijheid..............................................................................................................................22
klasseloze samenleving...................................................................................................................................23
internationale solidariteit................................................................................................................................23
filmpje..............................................................................................................................................................23
christendemocratie (filmpje kijken)....................................................................................................................24
personalisme...................................................................................................................................................24
een christendemocratische volks-partij..........................................................................................................24
constanten en veranderingen in de christendemocratie................................................................................25
is de christendemocratie conservatief of heeft ze een emancipatorische roeping........................................25
vlaams-nationalisme (filmpje kijken)..................................................................................................................26
nationalisme en de natie.................................................................................................................................26
nationalisme als ideologie: zes axioma’s........................................................................................................26
natievorming in onze gewesten tot aan WOI.................................................................................................27
vlaams-nationalisme tussen de wereldoorlogen............................................................................................28
na wOII............................................................................................................................................................28
ecologisme (filmpje kijken).................................................................................................................................29
kritisch-modern...............................................................................................................................................29
ontstaan...........................................................................................................................................................29
ecologishe economie.......................................................................................................................................30
ecologische crisis als rechtvaardigheidsprobleem..........................................................................................30
mensvisie.........................................................................................................................................................30
groene pijlers...................................................................................................................................................30
politieke partijen.................................................................................................................................................31
open vld...........................................................................................................................................................31
, vooruit (SP-a)...................................................................................................................................................32
cd&v.................................................................................................................................................................34
NV-a.................................................................................................................................................................35
vlaams belang..................................................................................................................................................36
groen...............................................................................................................................................................37
pvda.................................................................................................................................................................38
Toepassing: vluchtelingenwerk Vlaanderen...................................................................................................39
deel 4.......................................................................................................................................................... 39
Deel 5 – beleid............................................................................................................................................. 39
het begrip “beleid”..............................................................................................................................................39
definitie...........................................................................................................................................................39
beleidsprobleem..............................................................................................................................................40
overheidsbeleid...............................................................................................................................................40
politiek en beleid.............................................................................................................................................41
beleidscyclus........................................................................................................................................................42
agendavorming................................................................................................................................................42
beleidsvoorbereiding.......................................................................................................................................43
beleidsbepaling/beslissing..............................................................................................................................43
beleidsuitvoering.............................................................................................................................................43
beleidsevaluatie..............................................................................................................................................43
interactief beleid.................................................................................................................................................44
situering interactief beleid..............................................................................................................................44
interactief beleid: perspectief burger/middenveld........................................................................................44
interactief beleid en democratie.....................................................................................................................44
deel 6 – De politieke vs het politieke............................................................................................................ 45
inleiding...............................................................................................................................................................45
heeft de meerderheid altijd gelijk.......................................................................................................................46
agonistische democratie.....................................................................................................................................48
besluit..................................................................................................................................................................49
DEEL 7 – politieke opdracht van het sociaal werk.......................................................................................... 49
inleiding...............................................................................................................................................................49
de sociaal werker als middenveldspeler in de samenleving...............................................................................50
deliberatieve benadering: beleidsbeïnvloeding..................................................................................................52
Structurele beleidsveranderingen...................................................................................................................52
sociaal gecorrigeerd beleid.............................................................................................................................52
participatief gecorrigeerd beleid.....................................................................................................................53
deliberatieve benadering: beleidsparticipatie....................................................................................................53
agonistische benadering: politiserend werken...................................................................................................54
politisering als tegenspraak.............................................................................................................................55
politisering als bewustwording.......................................................................................................................55
politisering als verstoren van de bestaande orde...........................................................................................55
, subpolitieke benadering......................................................................................................................................55
deel 8 - burgerschap in meervoud................................................................................................................ 55
liberale dimensies in het burgerschapsconcept..................................................................................................56
communautaristische dimensies in het burgerschapsconcept...........................................................................57
burgerschap als rationele praktijk......................................................................................................................57
DEEL 1 – WAT IS POLITIEK
Politiek is een containerbegrip/ “contested concept”. Het heeft zeer veel definiëring en indelingen.
OORSPRONG VAN HET BEGRIP POLITIEK
MOREEL STREVEN
Politiek is afgeleid van het woord politika wat “zaken die met polis te maken hebben” betekent. Polis is de
burgerlijke samenleving of een stadsstaat. Door mee te doen aan de samenleving kan de mens hierin
ontplooien en hij is vrij. Aristoteles vindt dit de hoogste vorm van gemeenschap, enkel mensen in een politieke
gemeenschap hebben een goed leven. Dit is ook een vorm van directe democratie omdat de mensen zelf
kunnen beslissen over hun leven. Politiek is het nastreven van een goed leven in een geordende samenleving.
TECHNIEK OM MACHT TE VERWERVEN
Volgens Machiavelli in zijn boek Il Principe is politiek de techniek van macht en de middelen die nodig zijn om
de staat te beschermen van binnen- en buitenlandse vijanden. Hier ontstaat het begrip “staat” en betekent in
deze context de “toestand van de vorst”. Er moet een sterke vorst of overheid zijn om de samenleving te
ordenen.
ORGANISATIE VAN DE SAMENLEVING
Politiek zijn alle ideeën over hoe de samenleving georganiseerd moet worden. Na de franse revolutie ontstaan
verschillende poltieke stromingen waarbij het begrip politiek als organisatie binnen de staat wordt
gedefiniëerd.
DE ASPECT- EN DOMEINBENADERING
De definitie van politiek vandaag is een metabenadering. Dit betekent dat er geen specifieke definitie is, alle
definities zijn samengevoegd en geordend. Volgens Marsh en Stoker zijn er 2 benaderingen om politiek te
definiëren:
Domeinbenadering
Aspectbenadering
ASPECTBENADERING VAN POLITIEK
Politiek is in deze benadering een sociaal proces, een aspect van elke menselijke interactie. Het is dus overal
aanwezig bijvoorbeeld in scholen, bedrijven of buurten. Politiek ontstaat als er schaarse middelen zijn. Door
die schaarse middelen ontstaan belangenconflicten, en is er politiek. Met een overvloed aan middelen zou er
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