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COMD 5070 EXAM 2 study guide questions and Answers Latest Update Fully Solved 100%

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harmonic spectral slope [how do steep or shallow slopes relate to voice quality?] - fundamental frequency harmonics are integer multiples result: a whole spectrum of sound F0 goes up, harmonics spread higher harmonics progressively weaker vital capacity - *the maximum amount of air that a per...

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COMD 5070 EXAM 2 study guide
harmonic spectral slope [how do steep or shallow slopes relate to voice quality?] - fundamental
frequency

harmonics are integer multiples

result: a whole spectrum of sound

F0 goes up, harmonics spread

higher harmonics progressively weaker



vital capacity - *the maximum amount of air that a person can exhale after they have done a
maximum inhalation

*maximum amount of available air for speech




u-tube manometer: how does it work? - Measures static pressure



Tube in the shape of a u

water in tube is identical until

water in the tube/pressure applied

displace water

measure the difference in height=

amount of centimeters of water displaced by pressure applied



u-tube manometer: what is it best used for? - can use to calibrate equipment used to measure
pressure

very low tech

can easily see how much pressure there was



u-tube manometer:what are its

,limitations? - rather crude

have to measure in from the difference in height of the two water columns the pressure that has been
exerted into the system



not suited to dynamic measures in speech production where pressures go up and down extremely
rapidly

sometimes by rather subtle amounts



pressure transducer - can measure the air pressure in a given space

intraoral air pressure during speech production



professor used for measures of aerodynamic speech

clear polyurethane tubes sticks into corner of a person's mouth

close lips around it while speaking



measuring speech breathing: - Most speech measures come from the oral cavity

some come from the nasal cavity



tube inside

transducer outside



measuring speech breathing: pressure patterns in speech - just inside the mouth: Pio is intra-oral
air pressure

vowels: equal to atmospheric pressure

fricatives:elevated

stop consonants: highest



measuring speech breathing: how do the ribcage and abdomen move as we speak or sing? -
increases and decreases in the volume of the lungs

,When you breathe in the diaphragm flattens out and pulls the base of the lung downward this expands
the volume inside the lungs and decreases the pressure causing a person to breathe in; also pushes
down on abdominal viscera causing the belly to expand outwards



During typical breathing the ribcage and the abdomen both expand or shrink together



subglottal pressure: what is it? - - abbreviated Ps or Psub

-pressure the lungs provide that goes up the trachea to larynx

- measure pressure directly below the larynx

- driving pressure for phonation, speech

- difficult to measure directly



How is P sub estimated? - Measure intraoral air pressure at a particular time

when pressure in the mouth is the same as pressure below the larynx



-occurs during a brief time during the production of a P or vowels (PAA, PAA, PAA)



• voiceless bilabial plosive

• vocal folds are abducted

- laryngeal devoicing gesture

• trachea and mouth are linked

- no pressure drop at the larynx

• pressure equalizes throughout system



How is sub glottal pressure measured alternatively? - • tracheal puncture

- direct, accurate measures during speech

- medical procedure (hole in trachea below larynx)

- miniaturized pressure transducer put inside the trachea

- hard to attract volunteers!

, • esophageal (balloon) pressure (NOT USED commonly)



- sensor measure the pressure on the shared wall: posterior trachea, anterior esophagus

- swallows the pressure transducer partway into the esophagus the sensor

- pressure is lower than lung pressure

- not a very practical or common procedure



subglottal pressure: how much is enough for speaking? - • 5-7 cmH2O typical for normal speech

• 15-20 cmH2O for very loud speech



clear association: Psub and SPL

lower pressure for pulse register

higher pressure for falsetto - why might this be?



phonation threshold pressure what is it? - PTP - pressure for folds to start vibrating

between 3-5 cmH2O needed to start



phonation threshold pressure: what influences it? - less that 3-5 cm H2O needed to maintain it



• PTP increases with

- dehydration

- vocal fatigue

- why might this be?



phonation threshold pressure increases with dehydration, vocal fatigue, why might this be? -
dehydration: if vocal folds are dried out and less compliant, less flexible increase in the amount of
pressure needed to make them move

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