100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Exam 1)NSG 533 Exam 1: Study Guide: Questions & Answers: Updated APlus Guide $7.99   Add to cart

Exam (elaborations)

Exam 1)NSG 533 Exam 1: Study Guide: Questions & Answers: Updated APlus Guide

 16 views  0 purchase

define cell necrosis (Ans- - irreversible injury - rapid plasma membrane structure loss - organelle swelling - mitochondrial dysfunction what happens in cell necrosis (Ans- - cell membrane is ruptured - leakage of cell contents - ATP is lost - organelles swell - severe mitochond...

[Show more]

Preview 3 out of 25  pages

  • August 10, 2024
  • 25
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
All documents for this subject (26)
avatar-seller
Joy100
NSG 533 Exam 1 Study Guide: Questions &
Answers

define cell necrosis
(Ans-
- irreversible injury
- rapid plasma membrane structure loss
- organelle swelling
- mitochondrial dysfunction

what happens in cell necrosis
(Ans-
- cell membrane is ruptured
- leakage of cell contents
- ATP is lost
- organelles swell
- severe mitochondrial damage
- local inflammation

define apoptosis
(Ans- programmed cell death; not associated with inflammation

list the three mechanisms of apoptosis
(Ans-
1. apoptosis triggered by internal signals: mitochondrial pathway
2. apoptosis triggered by external signals: death receptor pathway
3. apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF)

describe the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis
(Ans-
- outer membrane of cells have a protein called Bcl-2, which inhibits
apoptosis

,- internal cell damage results in a protein called Bax to go to the surface
and block Bcl-2
- Bax punches holes in the mitochondrial membrane
- cytochrome c leaks out and binds to Apaf-1 (apoptosomes)
- apoptosomes bind to and activate caspase 9
- initiates cascade of caspases
- destruction of structural proteins and degradation of chromosomal DNA
- phagocytosis

describe the death receptor pathway of apoptosis
(Ans-
- FAS and TNF are death receptor proteins on the cell membrane
- Fasl activates FAS and TNF by binding them to a ligand
- activation triggers caspase 8
- initiates cascade of caspases
- phagocytosis

describe apoptosis inducing factor
(Ans-
- cell receives signal that it is time to die
- AIF is released from mitochondria
- AIF migrates to the nucleus and binds to DNA
- triggers destruction of cell death

what are two viruses that "trick" apoptosis?
(Ans-
1. HPV
2. Epstein Barr Virus

list five examples of cell adaptation
(Ans-
1. atrophy
2. metaplasia
3. dysplasia
4. hypertrophy

, 5. hyperplasia

define atrophy in cell adaptation
(Ans- when there is decreased work demand, the cell decreases in size to
work at a more efficient level

define metaplasia in cell adaptation
(Ans- response to chronic irritation in which a cell that is better able to
survive replaces the original cell

define dysplasia in cell adaptation
(Ans- maladaptation; deranged cell growth and differentiation within a
specific tissue; precursor of cancer

define hypertrophy in cell adaptation
(Ans- when there are increased work demands, the cell increases in size

define hyperplasia in cell adaptation
(Ans- an increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue that is
capable of mitotic division

aging is thought to be the result of:
(Ans-
1. faulty DNA repair mechanisms
2. reduced antioxidants

define intracellular fluid
(Ans- all the fluid within the cells (2/3 of total body water)

define extracellular fluid
(Ans- all the fluid outside of the cells (1/3 of total body water)

what makes up extracellular fluid
(Ans-
1. interstitial fluid (3/4)

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Joy100. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $7.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

78998 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
$7.99
  • (0)
  Add to cart