As sound travels through air, it does so as a - answer- longitudinal pressure wave
The period of a sine wave - answer- is shorter for higher frequency sounds
Pressure can de defined as - answer- force divided by area
Intensity can be defined as - answer- power per unit area
The inverse square law means that - answer- intensity decreases by a factor equal to
the square of the change in distance
Based on the equal loudness curves figure (2-18, p33), a 100 Hz tone would need to be
approximately how many db in intensity to sound equally loud to a 1000 Hz tone at 40
db? - answer- 53 db
We can typically perceive smaller differences in the pitch of two sounds if they are -
answer- two lower frequencies
The human voice as a complex tone is best described as - answer- nearly periodic
A power spectrum is a type of - answer- frequency domain plot
Resonance occurs when - answer- the applied force is at a frequency that matches the
natural frequency of an object
Which of the following is an analog signal? - answer- speech sounds in air
Musical tones in air
Displacement of the middle ear bones
All of the above
An analog signal (e.g. From a microphone) - answer- is continuous in amplitude
Is continuous in time
Both of the above
A table of numbers could fully represent - answer- a digital signal
You cannot listen to digital sound via digital headphones - answer- because the sound
is really generated by analog loudspeakers
, The best way to avoid aliasing during a digital recording is to use a - answer- low pass
filter
The acoustic theory of vowel production relies on two assumptions - answer- linearity
and time invariance
If you lengthen the vocal tract - answer- the formants will decrease in frequency
A reduced vowel quality applies to - answer- central vowels
For both front and back vowels, F1 - answer- varies inversely with vowel height
In learning about vowel formants, it is a common misperception that - answer- formants
are located at specific physical points in the vocal tract
In the production of diphthongs, the vowel movement is generally - answer- from
low/mid to higher
From tense to lax
From long to short
All of the above
Skilled singers can achieve formant tuning by - answer- altering vocal tract posture
A formant is most like which type of filter? - answer- band pass
As a person raises their fundamental frequency from low to high, how would a
spectrogram of their vowel phonation change? - answer- vertical striations on a wide-
band spectrogram would get closer together
Volumetric imaging entails - answer- reconstructing a 3-dimensional image of the vocal
tract from CT or MRI
During the closure of a voiced stop, vocal fold vibration may cease because - answer-
supraglottal pressure rises to equal subglottal pressure
For a stop to be perceived as voiceless, the VOT would generally be - answer- 40 to
100 ms
During the transition from a stop to a vowel - answer- F1 rises
Relative to fricatives like /f/, sibilants are produced with - answer- a larger anterior
resonating space
A greater degree of constriction
Stronger, higher-frequency energy
All of the above
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