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Chapter 26 Antibacterials Questions &Exam (elaborations) answers 100% satisfaction guarantee
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STUVIA 2024/2025Chapter 26: Antibacterials
A child who weighs 10 kg will begin taking oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX). The liquid
preparation contains 40 mg of TMP and 200 mg of SMX per 5 mL. The nurse determines that the
child's dose should be 8 mg of TMP and 40 mg of SMX/kg/day divided into two doses. Which order
for this child is correct?
a. 5 mL PO BID
b. 5 mL PO daily
c. 10 mL PO BID
d. 10 mL PO daily - ✔✔ANS: A
This child should receive (10 kg 8 mg) 80 mg of TMP and (10 kg 40 mg) 400 mL of SMX per day.
When divided into two doses, the correct dose is 40 mg TMP and 200 mg SMX, or 5 mL per dose.
A female patient who is allergic to penicillin will begin taking an antibiotic to treat a lower respiratory
tract infection. The patient tells the nurse that she almost always develops a vaginal yeast infection
when she takes antibiotics and that she will take fluconazole (Diflucan) with the antibiotic being
prescribed. Which macrolide order would the nurse question for this patient?
a. Azithromycin (Zithromax)
b. Clarithromycin (Biaxin)
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c. Erythromycin (E-Mycin)
d. Fidaxomicin (Dificid) - ✔✔ANS: C
When erythromycin is given concurrently with fluconazole, erythromycin blood concentration and the
risk of sudden cardiac death increase.
A female patient who is taking trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) (Bactrim, Septra) to treat a
urinary tract infection reports vaginal itching and discharge. The nurse will perform which action?
a. Ask the patient if she might be pregnant.
b. Reassure the patient that this is a normal side effect.
c. Report a possible superinfection to the provider.
d. Suspect that the patient is having a hematologic reaction - ✔✔ANS: C
Superinfection can occur with a secondary infection. Vaginal itching and discharge is a sign of
superinfection. This is not symptomatic of pregnancy. These are not common side effects and do not
indicate a hematologic reaction.
A female patient will receive doxycycline to treat a sexually transmitted illness (STI). What information
will the nurse include when teaching this patient about this medication?
a. Nausea and vomiting are uncommon adverse effects.
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, STUVIA 2024/2025
b. The drug may cause possible teratogenic effects.
c. Increase intake of dairy products with each dose of this medication.
d. Use a back-up method of contraception if taking oral contraceptives. - ✔✔ANS: D
The desired action of oral contraceptives can be lessened when taken with tetracyclines, so patients
taking oral contraceptives should be advised to use a back-up contraception method while taking
tetracyclines. Nausea and vomiting are common adverse effects. Doxycycline should not be taken
with dairyNproducts. Tetracycline may cause teratogenic effects.
A patient is admitted to the hospital for treatment of pneumonia after complaining of high fever and
shortness of breath. The patient was not able to produce sputum for a culture. The nurse will expect
the patient's provider to order which of the following?
a. a broad-spectrum antibiotic.
b. a narrow-spectrum antibiotic.
c. multiple antibiotics.
d. the pneumococcal vaccine - ✔✔ANS: A
Broad-spectrum antibiotics are frequently used to treat infections when the offending organism has
not been identified by culture and sensitivity (C&S). Narrow-spectrum antibiotics are usually effective
against one type of organism and are used when the C&S indicates sensitivity to that antibiotic. The
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use of multiple antibiotics, unless indicated by C&S, can increase resistance. The pneumococcal
vaccine is used to prevent, not treat, an infection.
A patient is diagnosed with mycoplasma pneumonia. Which antibiotic will the nurse expect the
provider to order to treat this infection?
a. Azithromycin (Zithromax)
b. Clarithromycin (Biaxin)
c. Erythromycin (E-Mycin)
d. Fidaxomicin (Dificid) - ✔✔ANS: C
Erythromycin is the drug of choice for treating mycoplasma pneumonia.
A patient is receiving high doses of cefazolin. Which laboratory values will this patient's nurse monitor
closely?
a. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, and liver function tests
b. Complete blood count and electrolytes
c. Serum calcium and magnesium
d. Serum glucose and lipids - ✔✔ANS: A
Cefazolin will produce an increase in the patient's BUN, creatinine, AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, and bilirubin.
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