Other
Organic chemistry exam reviews
- Course
- CHEM230
- Institution
- Montclair State University
in depth review for all organic chemistry exams, simplified and easy to understand.
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
Content preview
, Chapter 4 ↑T-
Cycloalkanes
have the formula Cutten If they have
Ey
a Cycloallaves
will be
gene one
rig treated
as
If the
ring is smaller than what its attached to ,
It will be treated as a substituent Subst , trut
6) make substituents the 2nd substituent has the lowestnumber possible
If 2
sure when
counting
or more substituents have the same number ,
use alphabeth order
e) Cis and trans isomerism in alkares D
↳If both substituents have both
#I
wedges/dashes , than theywe cis
Trans-CIS-
If one
↳
substituent and the other dashed then it is trans
is wedged is ,
↳ Cis and trans interconvented
lowers are stable combounds and can't be
d) Ring Strains
-
angle strain :
happens when bond angle are distorted from the normal
shys
Torsional strain When theres eclipsing (atoms are coreng atoms)
-
:
-
Steric Whe atoms are too close
-
forced to occupy the same space
logether ,
E) Chair Conformations
Chair conformation
-
is the most Stable Conformation , boat conformation is the least stable
axial and equatorial CH3 aXia up
Bu e =
axial up and down 16 ring)
--
x
is in
&-
-
uxal down
equatorial side-to-side (6 rung) y
-
is in
↳ each
haben has one equatored and one axial equiour
the more the
equatorial bands , the more stable the Conformation is. the less strain ,
-
loss
↳ doe mugs
to 1
3-diaxial interactions
, .
The trans only exists in diequiturial conformations
-
isormer
Ring flips
to do a ring flip , redraw the chair the opposite way and renumb or
-
↳ the
equituria down turns into axial down , the axial up turns inso epultorid up etc .
CH3 Br
up93
Ft
& us vs trans
/ i
.
//
- chiz down
air
Ths i Br/Fa/VBr
-
y
Cis must always have l axial and
Lepuitorial
trans must have either both axial or
both equltorad
, Chapter 5 Stereochemistry
:
at tetrahedrel centers
1) handednes :
enastomers images of a compound
are mirror
are bonded to a carbon I diff
↳ when
I diff
groups ,
arrangents are possible (enantomess)
Chirality Molecules that not superimposable
·
:
their mirror
are on
image
↳
Chirality Centers is a carbon connected to 4 different
groups
-
Chiral Molecules do not have
plane at Moloculos that do are achival
a
symmetry ,
4
CHz -CH3 ,
C= 0
,
C= C
,
and CEC Carnet be Chirality centers
,
Optical actiety
Chiral Molecules rotate the plane ot plane-polarized which means chiral molecules
light
-
,
are optically active . Achival Molecules are optically Inductive
a compound whose solution rotates PPL to the
right dextratory
[t a
is
-
compound whose solution rotates PPL to the left is leveratory
Stericisomers and configurations
rules for
assigny configurations at chirality center
·
a
as rank each atom by Atomic number
(bigger Atomi number-higher Priority
b) if it is the same atom look at the second and third atoms
when
company ,
C) double and triple bonded atoms the A of bonded atoms
same as the
single
are
d) Rotate the molecule so that the lowest dash (usually Hydrogen)
priority atom is on a
5)
If Clockwise His R
Priority goes goes counterclockwise
the if it ,
It is S
.
,
·
optical rotation is not related to S & R
. Meso compounds
Br Br Br
B
i) diasteromers ↓i
↳ stereolsomers that are not Mirror images
a
roll12-2110H
i i
-can only
change one or two from dash to
Wedge ........ a dastreme
Epimens diasteremes that only differs at chirality center
-
Br
the the DCH Bu
... achral =
oc-cot
I
ii) meso compounds
a
i i
↳ has
chirality Centers but has a plane of symmetry
,
↳meso
compounds are activel
Physical Properties of compornes diastercomers and racemic mixtures differ from eachother and from the Properties
-
mess ,
of enauctions
iii) racemit mixtures
↳ a racemic mixture
(vacemates is a so:so mixture of two eventiomers
-
have O optical rotation
, If avacemic mixthere of a carboxylic acid reacts with a chival amine the Product
ammonium salts the diastumes Racemic
N) Prochirality
I
" ↑
↳ a molecule is prochiral if it can be converted 3/112 -
2
+ - 2113
O
from achival to chird in chemical step 4
a
single 4
·
Re is Clockwise So %
50 %
·
Si is counter clockwise
reactions
Chapter G :
Organic
1) Types of
organic reactions
-
addition : when two compounds make one product
elimination : When a single reactant Splits into
2 products
Substituti when two reactants
exchange Parts to yelld two new products
-
:
When a
single product undergoes a rearranget bonds yel two
of to
-rearrangement :
new products
② When from decrease of # of bonds It Is addition bonds eliminatio
you go a ,
increase in is
Reaction mechanisms
" describes the bonds Broken and formed in a chemical reaction , and accounts for all reactants
and Products
·
Bond
Breaky and formation in chenne reactions
-
symmetmel Bond Browly is homolytic (If one electron remains with each fragment
unsymmetrical Bond Breaking is heterolytic (If both electrons stay with one fragment
-
whee the other has none
(11) Polar reactions
↳ happens because diff
bond Polarities within molecules Usually bes
ot in -
ofMectronegatily diff between atoms
-
In Polar reactions electron rich sites interact with election poor
Sites .
-the movenut of elections is shown by a curve arrow
IV) reacting species
af a nucleophile is a compound with an election rich atom
b) compound with an election poor atom
an electrophile is a
as some compounds can behave as both nuclophiles↑ electrophils
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller malbedawe. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
72042 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now