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Summary Politics B Exam Notes
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:Politics B Exam NotesIR Section
The State .1
:The state
international system characterised as being state-centric-> i.e. the state is -
seen as the most important actor in the international system; the state is the
ultimate decision makers of actions taken in the international system
The behaviour of states therefore affects the nature of the international -
relations-> this is the STATE CENTRIC VIEW
This view has recently been challenged by the role of non-state actors in the -
international landscape
:Defining the state in IR
:the state is understood in multiple ways -
State as a government-> executive authority within a given territory; -
coercive authority THIS IS THE INTERNAL VIEW OF STATE
State as a territorial entity or a geographical expression with recognised -
boundaries
Internationally state not merely viewed as authoritative government, it is -
also a populated territory with a national government and domestic society
i.e. it is a country-> from this angle both the government and domestic
society make up the state
This is EXTERNAL VIEW of state where main questions are surrounding -
INTERSTATE relations
:The modern state
TREATY OF WESTPHALIA 1648 -
The modern state attributes traced back to this treaty -
Treaty ended 30 year war of religion -
Brought together several European powers -
Created the basis for national self-determination -
Created the conditions for the settlement of international disputes by -
diplomatic means rather than by war
Promoted the concept of coexistence of states and prohibited the invasion -
of one country by another
Notion of sovereignty as it relates to being vested in a single entity or -
government who is seen as the ultimate authority
Established and recognised the territories of states and their national -
integrity
Recognised the sovereignty of states -
It established the religious liberty of giving the citizens the right to -
determine the religion of their choice
:In sum, the TOW defined the state as having the following attributes -
SOVEREIGNTY -
TERRITORY -
POPULATION -
GOVERNMENT -
INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL LEGITIMACY -
:Changing contemporary world of states
:Defining statehood -
, JURIDICAL STATEHOOD: characterised by its constitutional -
independence(no foreign state claims or has any authority over the state);
enjoys full membership in international organisations; recognised as having
sovereignty; legal entity under international law
EMPIRICAL STATEHOOD: strong political-economic organisation i.e. has -
developed efficient political institutions, a solid economic base, and strong
national identity
QUASI STATES: posses juridical statehood but are severely deficient when it -
comes to empirical statehood i.e. weak economies, weak institutions,
underdeveloped, lack of national unity
:Changing nature of the international system and the state
Impact of TECH changes on role of state -> military power -
DIFFUSION OF POWER -> there is no single central power in the -
contemporary global system
The INFLUENCE OF DOMESTIC POLITICS on the nature and governance of the -
international system such as economic protectionism, tensions around
economic migration, rise of parochial nationalism and xenophobia
INFLUENCE OF NON-STATE ACTORS on the global system -
NEW SECURITY THREATS such as terrorism, climate change, borders, cyber -
crime
REGIONS DEMANDING THEIR OWN SOVEREIGNTY I.e. Catalonia -
:Song of Solomon section
:Introduction
portrayal of what makes up an identity of an individual throughout novel -
Follows story of progressive african-american MACON DEAD III round about -
1930s-1960s
Era dominated by white oppression and the after effects of slavery -
therefore, at the forefront of the novel are the ideas of race and racism -
Race, gender, and class dominating themes throughout novel-> all reflect -
how they affect the social construction of our identity
Race and racism prevailing concepts-> explored through the use of -
characterisation and portrayal of characters in relation to their race and class
therefore, the novel seeks to explore our understanding of race and racism -
through this
This essay will seek to analyse the major characters and explore how their -
general identities are shaped by race and racism
:Characters to focus on -
(MACON DEAD III (MILKMAN -
MACON DEAD JR -
PILATE DEAD -
HAGAR -
GUITAR BAINS -
Further explore the theme of magical realism (a literary or artistic genre -
in which realistic narrative and naturalistic technique are combined
(.with surreal elements of dream or fantasy
:The ideas of race and racism
race powerful social construct based on the physical colour of ones skin, with -
no genetic basis
Racism is prejudice or discrimination against another person based on their -
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