BIO 114 Midterm 1 Exam Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
BIO 114
Institution
BIO 114
Apical Meristem Found at the tip of each stem and root and contributes to length.
Primary Growth Process Increases stem and root LENGTH, before thickening. Important to developing deep roots (nutrients) and high leaves (sunlight).
Secondary Growth Process Cell devision in the stem that creates la...
BIO 114 Midterm 1 Exam Questions and
Correct Answers
Apical Meristem ✅Found at the tip of each stem and root and contributes to length.
Primary Growth Process ✅Increases stem and root LENGTH, before thickening.
Important to developing deep roots (nutrients) and high leaves (sunlight).
Secondary Growth Process ✅Cell devision in the stem that creates lateral growth,
causing the plant to thicken, or increase in girth.
Root System (3 things) ✅1. anchors the plant to the soil
2. absorbs water ad minerals
3. stores excess food for future needs underground
Fibrous/Diffuse Root System ✅consists of many thin branched roots growing closely to
the surface, this effectively controls soil erosion (i.e. grass)
Tap Root System ✅consists of one or two sparsely branched roots deep within the soil
to draw from deep water and mineral supplies. good for shifty soil. (i.e. carrots)
Drip Zone ✅an area beyond a trees leaf canopy to which rain is channeled.
Root Caps ✅Cells developed to protect the meristems of the root from being
damaged.
Root Hairs ✅Form a fuzzy band around the root and a responsible for water intake.
Shoot System ✅consists of stems, branches, and attached leaves
Apical Bud ✅growing tip to elongate stem through cell division
Leaf Primordia ✅lobes representing the first stages of leaf formation
Axilary Bud Pimordium ✅beginning of a potential branch
Nodes ✅Where leaves and axilary buds develop, they alternate with clear sections
called internodes
Epidermis ✅single layer of cells serving as the outer layer of the stem (skin)
Glaucous ✅waxy surface, glauco- from the presence of wax
Pubescent ✅epidermal hairs growing on the surface of the plant to protect against
small insects
Cortex ✅the layer inside the epidermis, the chloroplasts in this layer give the plant its
green color
Pith ✅the stems center
Xylem ✅inner half of vascular tissue consisting of large water conducting cells
Phloem ✅outer half of the vascular tissue consisting of smaller food/sugar conducting
cells
Vascular Cambium ✅meristematic tissue whose cells divide in secondary growth to
thicken the stem (creates xylem on the inside and phloem on the outside of its line of
cells when it divides)
Cork Cambium ✅forms the cork/outer tissue of the tree bark
Secondary Xylem ✅aka: wood cells, water carrying cells developed by inward
expansion of the vascular cambium
Secondary Phloem ✅Formed for outer splitting cells of the vascular cambium and for
food transportation
Suberin ✅prevents evaporation and water loss
Sapwood ✅conducts water up the tree, consists of the most recently formed xylem
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