OBGYN Final Review Questions plus answers
CCAM Type 1 *** One or multiple cysts; 2-10cm in diameter
CCAM Type 2 *** multiple small cysts; less than 1 cm
CCAM Type 3 *** Multiple tiny cysts; too small to see on US; 0.5-5mm
CCAM Type 1 *** One or multiple cysts; 2-10cm in diameter
CCAM Type 2 *** multiple small cysts; less than 1 cm
CCAM Type 3 *** Multiple tiny cysts; too small to see on US; 0.5-5mm
Most common neck mass? *** cystic hygroma
Best plane to visualize a cleft lip? *** coronal view
What area of the body are most cystic hygroma's seen? *** Posterior aspect of the
neck
A sonographic examination reveals a multi-loculated, cystic mass, adjacent to posterior
aspect of fetal head, edema in soft tissues of upper extremities, and hydrops. This
pattern most likely represents what? *** Cystic Hygroma
What other abnormalities or conditions can be associated with cystic hygromas? *** -
Turner's syndrome
- Chromosomal abnormalities
Is CCAM unilateral or bilateral? *** unilateral
What is CCAM Type 2 associated with? *** - Fetal/Chromosomal abnormalities
- Renal Agenesis
- Pulmonary Anomalies
- Diaphragmatic Hernia
A sonographic examination of a 32 week fetus demonstrates a highly echogenic and
homogeneous mass within the lower lobe of the left lung. Fetal hydrops is seen and a
possible GI abnormality is suspected. What is the most likely diagnosis? *** -
Pulmonary Sequestrian
- Poor prognosis due to hydrops
A cloverleaf shaped head, short limbs, a hypo plastic thorax, a protuberant abdomen,
and polyhydramnios are all sonographically findings for which skeletal dysplasia? ***
Thanatophoric Dysplasia
A rare and lethal skeletal condition that presents with extremely short limbs, decreased
vertebral and cranial ossification, and a small thorax is what? *** Achondrogenesis
, A lethal skeletal condition with sonographic findings of club foot, cleft palate, bowing of
the long bones, an abnormally shaped scapula, and ventriculomegaly would most likely
be diagnosed as what? *** Camptomelic dysplasia
What conditions are frequently associated with fetal hydrocephalus? *** - Trisomy 13,
18, 21
- Multiple syndromes
- Infections
- Metabolic disorders
What are some clinical findings associated with anencephaly? *** - Highly elevated
AFP
- Increased fundal height
What are some of the sonographic findings associated with anencephaly? *** -
Absence of brain/cranial structures
- Bulging fetal orbits (frog like appearance)
- Can be detected as early as 12 weeks
Enlargement of the ventricles occurs when: *** Obstruction of CSF flow occurs
How is cebocephaly characterized? *** Hypotelorism and a nose with a single nostril
The most common anomaly affecting the CNS is what? *** Anencephaly
Anencephaly results from what? *** failure of neural tube closure at cranial end
What are the associated findings with anencephaly? *** - Polyhydramnios
- Coexisting spina bifida
- Cleft lip/palate
- Hydronephrosis
A primiparous patient who is 18 weeks pregnant based on her LMP is referred for
sonographic examination because of an elevated AFP. The clinician is probably
concerned about what type of abnormality? *** Open neural tube defect
What is the upper limit of a normal later ventricle measurement? *** 1cm
What is the sonographic appearance for hydrocephalus? *** Dangling choroid plexus
For safe amniocentesis, the needle should be placed how? *** - Away from fetal
head/spine
- Avoid placenta, umbilical cord, and fetal limbs
What is the reason for amniocentesis? *** Check fetal lung maturity
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