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Notes for 1C The Tudors - Henry VIII's Break From Rome
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These include notes on the Pilgrimage of Grace and why Henry broke from the church suitable for A level lesson or revision notes
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The King’s Great MatterHenry needed a papal dispensation to annul his marriage
- Henry argued that Julius II’s dispensation was invalid and that in God’s eyes
his marriage was still illegal using the Book of Leviticus which prohibited a
man marrying his brother’s wife.
- However Catherina argued that her marriage to Prince Arthur wasn’t
consummated and so the biblical ban didn’t apply
- Pope Clement was imprisoned by Charles V when his troops had sacked Rome
in 1527
- May 1527 Wolsey as Papal legate called Henry before a fake court to accuse
him of living in sin with his wife, which Henry admitted to. Catherine refused
to accept the court’s verdict and appealed to the Pope.
- Henry believed his lack of legitimate male heir was God’s punishment and he
was living in sin which his conscience wouldn’t allow.
- To avoid the problem with Charles and the Pope, Wolsey held the divorce
hearings in England where he, as Papal Legate, could make judgement. The
Pope agreed to hold a legatine court in England to judge the merits of Henry's
case for annulment however he sent Cardinal Campeggio to conduct the court
with instructions to delay it as long as possible - court failed to come to a
decision
- England broke with Rome following the November 1534 Treason Act so
treason was commuted by spoken words as well as writing. Parliament’s role as
a law making body had been strengthened and Henry had control over the
Church and religious policies would be based on royal whim
Henry establishing power over Church:
● 1531 Henry VIII is given title of ‘Supreme Head of the Church in England and
Wales’ and a grant of £119,000 from the church (to withdraw the charge of
praemunire) to pardon the clergy
● 1532 First Act of Annates which banned payments of clerical taxes to Rome,
removing the source of papal revenue in England (policy was suspended for a
year then only applied with Henry’s approval suggesting he wanted to use
bargaining chip in negotiations to get a divorce).
● March 1532 Supplication of the Ordinaries was a petition by the House of
Commons, demanding that the king deal with the corruption of the clergy,
increasing anticlerical pressure in House of Commons
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