Grade 11 Physical Sciences Summaries. This summaries are composed using and combining the Via Afrika textbooks' work with examples and supplementary notes.
Chapter 7: Chemical Change
Unit 1: Types of Reactions
Chapter 8: Chemical Systems
Unit 1: Exploiting the Lithosphere or Earths ...
Guidelines:
Redox Reactions: • The oxidation number is 0 if only one type of
atom appears in the formula.
• Combination of reduction and
oxidation. • The sum of oxidation numbers in a neutral
compound = 0.
What Happens During a • Oxidation = loss of electrons.
• The sum of oxidation numbers is equal to the
• Reduction = gain of electrons.
Redox Reaction? overall charge on the ion in a compound ion.
• Always +1 for group 1 metals.
• Redox reactions = the transfer of electrons • Always +2 for group 2 metals.
between compounds. • Oxidation number is -1 for a group 7 element
• Oxidation can’t happen without reduction bonded to an atom of another group.
U1: Types of
Sample
taking place. • Oxygen is usually -2, except for hydrogen
• OILRIG: peroxide which has a value of -1.
- Oxidation Is Loss (oil). Reaction (A)
• Hydrogen is usually +1.
- Reduction Is Gain (rig). • Oxidation state is the same as the charge on
the ion for simple ions.
Summaries after sample
Oxidation Numbers:
Definition:
Determining Oxidation Numbers:
• Depends on chemical formula and electronegativity.
• Method:
• Oxidation numbers = charge an atom has if it
is ionic or the charge it would have if polar - Find the electronegativities of the atoms.
covalent bond is considered to be ionic. - The atom with the higher electronegativity is
• Negative oxidation numbers indicate an atom given the value -1.
gained electrons. - The atom with the lower electronegativity is given
• Positive oxidation numbers indicate an atom the value +1.
lost electrons. - If the electronegativities are the same, they are
• Redox reactions always involve a change in both given the value 0.
oxidation no. - The assigned numbers are doubled if a double
bond is present.
- The assigned numbers are added.
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller SummariesSA. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $8.37. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
