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Samenvatting - Europees recht I

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Europees Recht 1

Institution
Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)

Deze samenvatting van Europees Recht (gedoceerd door prof. Merijn Chamon) is meer dan een eenvoudige herhaling van wat er tijdens de lessen is besproken. Het biedt een overzichtelijke en gestructureerde weergave van de stof, waarbij alle belangrijke oefeningen zijn opgenomen. De samenvatting is zor...

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europees recht 1
oefeningen
schematisch
structuur
inhoudstafel
samenvatting

Institution
Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
Education
Rechten
Course
Europees Recht 1

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Europees Recht

Aylin Yavuz

,Inhoudsopgave
1 Module 1: De Europese Unie en de inhoud v. ER ................................................................................. 15
1.1 Actua: Europese zorgplichtwet raakt niet goedgekeurd ........................................................................ 16
1.1.1 Inhoud ............................................................................................................................................. 16
1.1.2 Probleem......................................................................................................................................... 16
1.1.3 Inhoud zorgplichtwet  ratio bedenking v. DU ............................................................................... 16
1.1.4 Ramp in textielfabriek Rana Plaza (Bangladesh, 2013)  link met RL ............................................ 16
1.1.5 Nut RL ............................................................................................................................................. 16
1.1.6 Vraag ............................................................................................................................................... 16
1.2 Actua: “Atoombom boven volgende regering”: BE moet 27 miljard euro besparen .............................. 17
1.2.1 De juridische dimensie  belang in historische ontwikkeling v.d. EU ............................................. 17
1.2.2 Geschiedenis ................................................................................................................................... 17
1.2.3 Idee in de jaren ‘90 ......................................................................................................................... 17
1.2.4 In de praktijk – eind jaren ’90, ’00 + verder .................................................................................... 17
1.2.5 Filosofie v.h. SGP en beperkte overheidsschuld ............................................................................. 17
1.2.6 ‘Oplossing’: nieuw akkoord over geüpdatet SGP ........................................................................... 17
1.3 Belang v.h. EU-recht................................................................................................................................ 18
1.3.1 EU-Thema’s ..................................................................................................................................... 18
1.3.1.1 Ter illustratie: de plenaire vergadering v.h. EP (januari) ......................................................... 18
1.3.1.2 Ter illustratie: zeer belangrijke & recente arresten (EHvJ) ..................................................... 18
1.4 Korte geschiedenis .................................................................................................................................. 19
1.4.1 Vrede v. Westfalen (1648) ............................................................................................................... 19
1.4.2 19e eeuw ......................................................................................................................................... 19
1.4.3 WOII ................................................................................................................................................ 19
1.4.3.1 Opmerking over Oostenrijk .................................................................................................... 19
1.4.4 70 jaar duurzame vrede – 2 typen v. samenwerkingen .................................................................. 20
1.4.4.1 Doelstelling v. Europese samenleving..................................................................................... 20
1.4.4.2 Communautair VS Niet-communautair .................................................................................. 20
1.5 De supranationale kenmerken v.d. EU (VS andere IO’s) ......................................................................... 20
1.5.1 De Europese Commissie ................................................................................................................. 20
1.5.2 De Raad v.d. EU ............................................................................................................................... 20
1.5.3 Europees Parlement ....................................................................................................................... 20
1.5.4 Hof v. Justitie v.d. EU ....................................................................................................................... 20
1.5.5 Voorrang & Doorwerking v. EU-recht ............................................................................................. 21
1.6 Verdieping ............................................................................................................................................... 22
1.6.1 Traité cadre & traité loi ................................................................................................................... 22
1.6.1.1 Voorbeeld ............................................................................................................................... 22
1.6.2 Van functionele logica naar neo-functionele logica ....................................................................... 22
1.6.2.1 Begrip ...................................................................................................................................... 22
1.6.2.2 Voorbeelden ........................................................................................................................... 22
1.6.2.3 Spill-Over (illustratie) .............................................................................................................. 22
1.6.2.4 Besluit ..................................................................................................................................... 22
1.6.3 Evolutie v. Europese Verdragen ...................................................................................................... 23
1.6.3.1 GBVB & JBZ: 2 nieuwe domeinen naast EG ............................................................................ 23
1.6.3.2 3 rode draden ......................................................................................................................... 23
1.6.4 Uitbreiding ...................................................................................................................................... 24
1.6.4.1 Het ontstaan en de diversificatie v. Europese samenwerkingsverbanden ............................. 24
1.6.4.2 EU (douane-unie) VS EVA........................................................................................................ 24
1.6.4.3 Fictief voorbeeld: de Benelux-landen ..................................................................................... 25
1.6.5 Brexit ............................................................................................................................................... 26
1.6.5.1 Procedure: intrede in EU (art. 49 VEU) ................................................................................... 26
1.6.5.2 Materiële voorwaarden: intrede in EU ................................................................................... 26

2

, 1.6.5.3 Vergelijking: EU VS Raad v. Europa ......................................................................................... 26
1.6.5.4 Uittrede (art. 50 VEU) ............................................................................................................. 27
1.6.5.4.1 Toepassing: Brexit ............................................................................................................... 27
1.6.5.4.2 Tijdslijn - Brexit ................................................................................................................... 28
1.7 Terugblik.................................................................................................................................................. 28
1.8 Testvragen............................................................................................................................................... 28

2 Module 2: De nieuwe & autonome rechtsorde – art. 7 VEU ................................................................. 29
2.1 Actua: Europa bestormt de torens v. big tech, hoe zult u de veranderingen voelen? ............................ 30
2.1.1 Doelstellingen v.d. DSA & DMA ...................................................................................................... 30
2.1.2 Eerdere EU-ervaringen.................................................................................................................... 30
2.1.3 Conclusie ......................................................................................................................................... 30
2.1.4 Werking DSA & DMA....................................................................................................................... 30
2.1.4.1 DMA ........................................................................................................................................ 30
2.1.4.1.1 Verplichtingen voor gatekeepers: vb.’en............................................................................. 30
2.1.4.2 DSA.......................................................................................................................................... 31
2.2 Actua: Valt de Poolse rechtsstaat nog te restaureren? .......................................................................... 32
2.2.1 Geschiedenis ................................................................................................................................... 32
2.2.2 Voorbeelden  illustratie v. flagrante ondermijning v. RM ............................................................. 32
2.2.3 Verschillende arresten v.h. EHRM en EHvJ in het nadeel v. Polen .................................................. 32
2.2.4 Link actua – inhoud les ................................................................................................................... 32
2.3 De nieuwe en autonome rechtsorde ....................................................................................................... 33
2.3.1 Wat is de EU? .................................................................................................................................. 33
2.3.2 Is de EU dan een staat, of een superstaat? .................................................................................... 33
2.3.3 Waarom is de EU sui generis?......................................................................................................... 33
2.3.4 De EU is een ‘nieuwe & autonome rechtsorde’, hoewel dit niet in EU-Verdragen staat ............... 33
2.3.5 Beginpunt: Van Gend & Loos .......................................................................................................... 33
2.3.5.1 Inhoud Van Gend & Loos (1962) ............................................................................................. 34
2.3.6 Zelfde logica (+ bijkomende aspecten) in… .................................................................................... 35
2.3.7 Voorrang ook t.a.v. grondwettelijk recht ........................................................................................ 35
2.3.8 Lex posterior non derogat legi priori .............................................................................................. 35
2.3.9 Verdere verduidelijking v. voorrangsbeginsel + RW  verplichtingen v. nationale rechter ............ 36
2.3.9.1 Poplawski (C-573/17) .............................................................................................................. 36
2.3.10 De reactie v. BE-HvC (Le Ski (1971)) ............................................................................................... 36
2.3.11 De reactie v.d. BE-RvS (Orfinger (1996))......................................................................................... 37
2.3.12 BE-GwH ........................................................................................................................................... 37
2.3.13 Besluit ............................................................................................................................................. 37
2.4 Waarden v.d. Unie .................................................................................................................................. 38
2.4.1 Rechtsgrondslag .............................................................................................................................. 38
2.4.2 Vraagstuk ........................................................................................................................................ 38
2.4.3 Recente RS: Repubblika (C-896/19, ro. 63) ..................................................................................... 38
2.4.4 Recente RS: Hongarije t. Raad (C-156/21, ro. 127)........................................................................ 38
2.4.5 Oplossing vraagstuk – art. 7 VEU .................................................................................................... 38
2.4.5.1 Ineffectiviteit v. procedure art. 7 VEU..................................................................................... 39
2.5 Terugblik.................................................................................................................................................. 40
2.6 Testvragen............................................................................................................................................... 40

3 Module 3: Instellingen I ..................................................................................................................... 41
3.1 Actua: Een cijfer plakken op hoeveel migranten hier welkom zijn? Waarom niet, vinden 5 partijen .... 42
3.1.1 Posities v. Vlaamse Partijen over Migratie ...................................................................................... 42
3.1.2 Complexiteit v. Migratiebeleid ........................................................................................................ 42
3.1.3 Verschillende migratiestromen ....................................................................................................... 42

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, 3.1.3.1 (1) Migratie v. binnen de EU – unieburgers ............................................................................ 42
3.1.3.2 (2) Migratie v. buiten de EU – gezinsleden v. unieburgers ..................................................... 42
3.1.3.3 (3) Migratie v. buiten de EU – derdelanders die aan gezinshereniging doen ......................... 42
3.1.3.4 (4) Migratie v. buiten de EU – asielzoekers ............................................................................. 42
3.1.3.4.1 Rwanda Plan v.h. VK............................................................................................................ 42
3.1.3.4.2 Discussie over ‘Veilig Derde Land’ (IR)................................................................................ 43
3.1.3.4.3 Wetgevende handelingen (Unierecht inzake asielbeleid) .................................................. 43
3.1.3.5 (5) Arbeidsmigratie v. buiten de EU ........................................................................................ 44
3.1.3.6 Besluit: EU-dimensie m.b.t. de migratiestromen ................................................................... 44
3.2 Actua: De baas v. Europa, maar niemand kan op haar stemmen (23/2/24) .......................................... 45
3.3 EU-instellingen (artt. 13 VEU – 19 VEU) ................................................................................................. 46
3.3.1 VEU & VWEU................................................................................................................................... 46
3.3.2 Schema............................................................................................................................................ 46
3.4 Europees Parlement (art. 14 VEU & artt. 223-234 VWEU) .................................................................... 47
3.4.1 Samenstelling v.h. EP ...................................................................................................................... 47
3.4.2 Legislatuurparlement (zoals Vlaams Parlement) ............................................................................ 47
3.4.3 Historiek v.h. EP .............................................................................................................................. 47
3.4.4 De ‘Europese’ Parlementsverkiezingen .......................................................................................... 47
3.4.5 Nationale variaties binnen de Europese Verkiezingen ................................................................... 47
3.4.6 Wijzigingen in de Kieswet ............................................................................................................... 48
3.4.7 Verkiezingen.................................................................................................................................... 48
3.4.8 Europese kieskring .......................................................................................................................... 48
3.4.9 Democratische legitimiteit v.h. EP .................................................................................................. 48
3.4.10 Zetelverdeling in het EP .................................................................................................................. 50
3.4.10.1 Degressieve evenredigheid ..................................................................................................... 50
3.4.10.2 De huidige verdeling in concreto ............................................................................................ 51
3.4.11 Werking ........................................................................................................................................... 51
3.4.12 Besluitvorming: bij volstrekte meerderheid v.d. uitgebrachte stemmen (art. 231 VWEU)............ 51
3.4.13 BVH’en............................................................................................................................................. 52
3.4.13.1 Wetgeving (cfr. Module 1) ...................................................................................................... 52
3.4.13.2 Begroting................................................................................................................................. 52
3.4.13.2.1 Eigen middelen v.d. EU ..................................................................................................... 52
3.4.13.3 Controle op de Commissie ...................................................................................................... 53
3.5 Europese Raad (art. 15 VEU & artt. 235-236 VWEU) ............................................................................ 54
3.5.1 Samenstelling .................................................................................................................................. 54
3.5.2 BVH’en............................................................................................................................................. 54
3.5.3 Besluitvorming: bij consensus (art. 15(4) VEU) .............................................................................. 54
3.5.3.1 Verdieping ............................................................................................................................... 54
3.6 (EX) Geïnformeerde meningsvraag ........................................................................................................ 55
3.6.1 Suggestie v.h. Hongaars Parlement ................................................................................................ 55
3.7 Terugblik.................................................................................................................................................. 57
3.8 Testvragen............................................................................................................................................... 57

4 Module 4: Instellingen II .................................................................................................................... 58
4.1 Actua: Analyse v.d. Europese politieke situatie in aanloop naar de Europese verkiezingen .................. 59
4.2 Actua: Europa dreigt ‘medeplichtig’ te worden aan dood v. migranten ................................................ 60
4.2.1 Terugkoppeling Module 3 ............................................................................................................... 60
4.2.2 Oprichting Frontex .......................................................................................................................... 60
4.2.3 Conclusie EU-Ombudsman ............................................................................................................. 60
4.2.3.1 Verantwoordelijkheden en uitdagingen v. Frontex en LS’en .................................................. 60
4.2.4 Geschiedenis & precedentzaken .................................................................................................... 60
4.2.5 EU Ombudsman (VS EHvJ) .............................................................................................................. 60

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