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PHIL 1700 Final Exam
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PHIL 1700 Final Exam
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PHIL 1700 Final ExamWhat is philosophy?
the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and
existence which answers will guide a person on how to live
What is a philosopher?
lover of wisdom
What kind of questions do philosophers ask?
- what is the nature of physical reality?
- is there a source of the world?
- what is the purpose of the physical world?
- what does it mean to be human?
- what is a good life for humans?
- what is the difference between right and wrong?
What is the derivative of philosophy?
greek for philo = love and sophia = wisdom
why philosophy is the "love of wisdom"
How is philosophy different from the physical sciences?
1. philosophy is more fundamental
,ex: physics will ask "what the laws of the smallest particles are",
while philosophy will dig deeper fundamentally and ask "what is
a law" (which physics already assumed what a law was)
2. philosophy is more general
→ the general conclusions drawn in philosophy can be applied
to all of the other sciences and have a ripple effect
How are Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle related?
Socrates (no writings)
↓
Plato (his words as if they were Socrates)
↓
Aristotle (Clear about what he wrote and thinks)
↓
Alexander the Great
What is an argument?
in attempt to try and prove a conclusion through premises
What is a valid argument?
A valid argument is an argument in which if all the premises are
true, the conclusion must also be true.
Validity connects the premises to the conclusion with an "if-
then" pattern.
What is an invalid argument?
,when the conclusion does not follow the premises
→ the premises can be true while the conclusion can still be
false
What is a sound argument?
a valid argument with all true premises
Is this argument valid?
If I plant a tree, then I will get dirt under my nails.
I didn’t get dirt under my nails.
Therefore, I didn’t plant a tree.
valid
Is this argument valid?
If the price of gas decreases next year, then the amount that
Americans drive will increase next year.
The amount Americans drive will increase next year.
Therefore, the price of gas will decrease next year.
Invalid
Is this argument valid?
If President Biden's approval rating is above 45%, he will win
the 2024 election.
President Biden's approval rating is above 45%
, Therefore, President Biden will win the 2024 election.
Valid
Is this a valid argument?
If I don’t change my oil regularly, my engine will die.
My engine died.
Thus, I didn’t change my oil regularly.
invalid
Is this argument valid?
All banks are financial institutions.
Wells Fargo is a financial institution.
Therefore, Wells Fargo is a bank.
invalid
Is this argument valid?
If you aren’t polite, you won’t be treated with respect.
You aren’t treated with
respect.
Therefore, you aren’t polite.
invalid
Is this argument valid?
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